{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:52:22Z","timestamp":1788454342160,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Serum leucine-rich \u03b12 glycoprotein (LRG) has been reported as a useful biomarker for monitoring disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated whether serum LRG can differentiate patients with normal colonic mucosa from those with IBD or other forms of colitis. (2) Methods: Patients with diarrhea, abdominal pain, or bloody stools were consecutively enrolled at their initial visit to our hospital. Serum LRG and C-reactive protein were measured, and a colonoscopy and histology were performed. (3) Results: We enrolled 317 patients (181 men, 136 women; median age: 51 years). Based on the endoscopic and histological criteria, 260 patients were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (n = 134), Crohn\u2019s disease (n = 10), infectious colitis (n = 43), diverticular colitis (n = 17), or nonspecific colitis (n = 56). The remaining 57 patients were diagnosed with normal colonic mucosa including histology. The latter group\u2019s median LRG value (9.5 \u00b5g\/mL, range: 5.8\u201313.5) was significantly lower than that of the other 260 patients (13.6 \u00b5g\/mL, range: 6.8\u201362.7, p &lt; 0.0001). The optimal LRG cut-off value of &lt;10.4 \u00b5g\/mL was derived from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, showing a 91% sensitivity and 77% specificity for identifying patients with normal colonic mucosa. (4) Conclusions: serum LRG values &lt; 10.4 \u00b5g\/mL could be a useful biomarker for predicting patients with normal colonic mucosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T04:26:29Z","timestamp":1715919989000},"page":"2957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Serum Leucine-Rich \u03b12 Glycoprotein Could Be a Useful Biomarker to Differentiate Patients with Normal Colonic Mucosa from Those with Inflammatory Bowel Disease or Other Forms of Colitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ichitaro","family":"Horiuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Horiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Center, Showa Inan General Hospital, Komagane 399-4117, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3610-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Horiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Center, Showa Inan General Hospital, Komagane 399-4117, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7985-919X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeji","family":"Umemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep1005","article-title":"Non-IBD and noninfectious colitis","volume":"5","author":"Nielsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1795","article-title":"Colitides","volume":"16","author":"Tortora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.07.004","article-title":"AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the laboratory evaluation of functional diarrhea and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in adults (IBS-D)","volume":"157","author":"Smalley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.06.014","article-title":"AGA Technical Review on the evaluation of functional diarrhea and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in adults (IBS-D)","volume":"157","author":"Lytvyn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Drossman, D.A., Chang, L., Chey, W.D., Kellow, J.E., Tack, J., and Whitehead, W.E. (2016). Rome IV Diagnostic Algorithms for Common GI Symptoms, Rome Foundation. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2024.78.105-111","article-title":"Role of Calprotectin, IL-6, and CRP in distinguishing between inflammatory bowel disease and diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"78","author":"Huong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Arch."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1977.358.1.639","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of an unknown, leucine-rich 3.1-S-alpha2-glycoprotein from human serum (author\u2019s transl.) (Article in German)","volume":"358","author":"Haupt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Hoppe Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.7.1906","article-title":"Periodicity of leucine and tandem repetition of a 24-amino acid segment in the primary structure of leucine-rich alpha 2-glycoprotein of human serum","volume":"82","author":"Takahashi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.118919","article-title":"iTRAQ-based proteomic identification of leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein as a novel inflammatory biomarker in autoimmune diseases","volume":"69","author":"Serada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809225","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.809225","article-title":"Research progress on leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1: A review","volume":"12","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22936","article-title":"Serum leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein is a disease activity biomarker in ulcerative colitis","volume":"18","author":"Serada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw132","article-title":"Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein is a serum biomarker of mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis","volume":"11","author":"Shinzaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-021-01793-0","article-title":"Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein is a potential biomarker to monitor disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease receiving adalimumab: PLANET study","volume":"56","author":"Shinzaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002127","article-title":"Serum leucine-rich \u03b12 glycoprotein: A novel biomarker for transmural inflammation in crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"118","author":"Takenaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horiuchi, I., Horiuchi, A., and Umemura, T. (2022). Serum leucine-rich \u03b12 glycoprotein: A biomarker for predicting the presence of ulcerative colitis but not ulcerative proctitis. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216366"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tintor, G., Juki\u0107, M., \u0160upe-Domi\u0107, D., Jeron\u010di\u0107, A., and Pogoreli\u0107, Z. (2023). Diagnostic utility of serum leucine-rich \u03b1-2-glycoprotein 1 for acute appendicitis in children. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072455"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tintor, G., Juki\u0107, M., \u0160upe-Domi\u0107, D., Jeron\u010di\u0107, A., and Pogoreli\u0107, Z. (2023). Diagnostic accuracy of leucine-rich \u03b1-2-glycoprotein 1 as a non-invasive salivary biomarker in pediatric appendicitis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076043"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198712243172603","article-title":"Coated Oral 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Therapy for Mildly to Moderately Active Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"317","author":"Schroeder","year":"1987","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.082909","article-title":"The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: Controversies, consensus, and implications","volume":"55","author":"Satsangi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"393","article-title":"The value of rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis","volume":"30","author":"Matts","year":"1961","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2005.02.007","article-title":"Is irritable bowel syndrome a low grade inflammatory bowel disease?","volume":"34","author":"Bercik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-55","article-title":"Risk of inflammatory bowel disease following a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Porter","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.146357","article-title":"C reactive protein: A predictive factor and marker of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Results from a prospective population-based study","volume":"57","author":"Henriksen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.6","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the utility of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fecal calprotectin, and fecal lactoferrin to exclude inflammatory bowel disease in adults with IBS","volume":"110","author":"Menees","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01556.x","article-title":"Noninvasive markers in the assessment of intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases: Performance of fecal lactoferrin, calprotectin, and PMN-elastase, CRP, and clinical indices","volume":"103","author":"Langhorst","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.06.036","article-title":"Serum leucine-rich \u03b12 glycoprotein: A novel biomarker for small bowel mucosal activity in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omori, T., Sasaki, Y., Koroku, M., Murasugi, S., Yonezawa, M., Nakamura, S., and Tokushige, K. (2022). Serum leucin-rich apha-2 glycoprotein in quiescent Crohn\u2019s as a potential surrogate marker for small-bowel ulceration detected by capsule endoscopy. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092494"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34628","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034628","article-title":"Serum leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein levels for predicting active ultrasonographic findings in intestinal lesions of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease in clinical remission","volume":"102","author":"Nasuno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1159\/000530825","article-title":"Optimal use of serum leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein as a biomarker for small bowel lesions of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Asonuma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm. Intest. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.2022.J042","article-title":"Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein in monitoring disease activity and intestinal stenosis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"257","author":"Yoshida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiraga, H., Chinda, D., Hasui, K., Murai, Y., Maeda, T., Higuchi, N., Ogasawara, K., Kudo, S., Sawada, Y., and Tatsuta, T. (2023). Evaluation of Crohn\u2019s disease small-bowel mucosal healing using capsule endoscopy and usefulness of leucine-rich \u03b12-glycoprotein. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040626"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ichimiya, T., Kazama, T., Ishigami, K., Yokoyama, Y., Hayashi, Y., Takahashi, S., Itoi, T., and Nakase, H. (2023). Application of plasma alternative to serum for measuring leucine-rich \u03b12-glycoprotein as a biomarker of inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286415"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/10\/2957\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:43:49Z","timestamp":1760107429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/10\/2957"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13102957"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13102957","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]}}}