{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:32:15Z","timestamp":1761294735332,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite the use of advanced treatment techniques, coronary artery disease (CAD) still remains the main cause of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure. Participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs can lead to a number of beneficial effects, but some patients do not demonstrate the expected improvement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of CR on changes in exercise capacity with regard to the presence of LV dysfunction. Methods: A group of 428 patients with CAD were consecutively admitted to an outpatient comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program comprising 24 exercise sessions of interval training on cycle ergometers, three times a week for 45 min, and a health education. The patients were compared in two subgroups, i.e., with LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF &lt; 50%, n = 175) and LVEF \u2265 50% (n = 253). Results: In the LVEF &lt; 50% group, the exercise capacity improved by 1 \u00b1 0.78 MET (median 1.15 MET), and 0.86 \u00b1 0.77 MET (median 1.08 MET) in the LVEF \u2265 50% group. Women with LVEF &lt; 50% demonstrated a significant increase in exercise capacity by 1.2 MET, while those with LVEF \u2265 50% did not display any such increase. All men, regardless of LVEF, exhibited a similar improvement in exercise capacity greater than 1 MET. Conclusions: An outpatient eight-week cardiac rehabilitation program based on 45 min aerobic interval training sessions three times a week appears less effective for women with CAD and EF \u2265 50%. In this group, the proposed training intervention is insufficient in improving exercise capacity to an extent that could indicate a reduction in mortality risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T12:02:23Z","timestamp":1715947343000},"page":"2969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Clinical Outcome of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Regard to the Presence of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3804-145X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Szadkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-231 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Outpatient Rehabilitation Unit, Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-231 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4211-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Szmigielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-231 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Outpatient Rehabilitation Unit, Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-231 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-320131","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and survival of heart failure: A systematic review","volume":"108","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.01.049","article-title":"Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: JACC Scientific Statement","volume":"81","author":"Borlaug","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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