{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T13:04:46Z","timestamp":1789218286597,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign tumor of the eighth cranial nerve formed from neoplastic Schwann cells. Although VS can cause a variety of symptoms, tinnitus is one of the most distressing symptoms for patients and can greatly impact quality of life. The objective of this systematic review is to comprehensively examine and compare the outcomes related to tinnitus in patients undergoing treatment for VS. Specifically, it evaluates patient experiences with tinnitus following the removal of VS using the various surgical approaches of traditional surgical resection and gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS). By delving into various aspects such as the severity of tinnitus post-treatment, the duration of symptom relief, patient quality of life, new onset of tinnitus after VS treatment, and any potential complications or side effects, this review aims to provide a detailed analysis of VS treatment on tinnitus outcomes. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, articles were included from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and EMBASE. Quality assessment and risk of bias analysis were performed using a ROBINS-I tool. Results: Although VS-associated tinnitus is variable in its intensity and persistence post-resection, there was a trend towards a decreased tinnitus burden in patients. Irrespective of the surgical approach or the treatment with GKS, there were cases of persistent or worsened tinnitus within the studied cohorts. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review highlight the complex relationship between VS resection and tinnitus outcomes. These findings underscore the need for individualized patient counseling and tailored treatment approaches in managing VS-associated tinnitus. The findings of this systematic review may help in guiding clinicians towards making more informed and personalized healthcare decisions. Further studies must be completed to fill gaps in the current literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13113065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T11:37:13Z","timestamp":1716464233000},"page":"3065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vestibular Schwannoma and Tinnitus: A Systematic Review of Microsurgery Compared to Gamma Knife Radiosurgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ava M.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Cochlear Implant Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3669-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaimee N.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Cochlear Implant Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Oganezova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Cochlear Implant Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeenu","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Cochlear Implant Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0302-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keelin","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Cochlear Implant Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri A.","family":"Godur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Cochlear Implant Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Zalta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Cochlear Implant Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Danesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Cochlear Implant Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA"},{"name":"Department of Integrated Medical Sciences, Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Cochlear Implant Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien A.","family":"Eshraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Cochlear Implant Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-020-01155-x","article-title":"Vestibular Schwannoma: What We Know and Where We are Heading","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211042006","article-title":"Global Incidence of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review","volume":"167","author":"Marinelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-023-05665-9","article-title":"Incidence and presentation of vestibular schwannoma: A 3-year cohort registry study","volume":"165","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2023.2168747","article-title":"Long-term tumor growth and hearing after conservative management of vestibular schwannomas","volume":"143","author":"Yagi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres13020025","article-title":"Vestibular Impairment in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma: A Journey through the Pitfalls of Current Literature","volume":"13","author":"Pisani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Audiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002436","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma in neurofibromatosis type 2: An international multicenter case series of response and malignant transformation risk","volume":"92","author":"Faramand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"May, J., Ramachandran, V., and Cacace, A.T. (2011). Tinnitus and vestibular schwannoma: Overview and clinical correlations. Textb. Tinnitus, 317\u2013325.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-145-5_39"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-024-05936-z","article-title":"Quality of life in patients after vestibular schwannoma surgery","volume":"166","author":"Lazak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211018915","article-title":"Preoperative Psychological Burdens in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma","volume":"131","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13691","article-title":"What determines quality of life in patients with vestibular schwannoma?","volume":"46","author":"Pruijn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz153","article-title":"EANO guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"22","author":"Goldbrunner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"vdad146","article-title":"A comparative study of microsurgery and gamma knife radiosurgery in vestibular schwannoma evaluating tumor control and functional outcome","volume":"5","author":"Tatagiba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurooncol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818765717","article-title":"National Trends in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: Influence of Patient Characteristics on Outcomes","volume":"159","author":"Hatch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.8.GKS141506","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: Clinical results at long-term follow-up in a series of 379 patients","volume":"121","author":"Boari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1179-0","article-title":"Treatment of vestibular schwannomas. Why, when and how?","volume":"149","author":"Myrseth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2007.03.007","article-title":"Surgical approaches and complications in the removal of vestibular schwannomas","volume":"40","author":"Bennett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-023-04280-z","article-title":"Using the deformity index of vital structures to predict outcome of patients with large vestibular schwannomas after Gamma Knife radiosurgery","volume":"162","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1506631","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"378","author":"Bauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084270","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1084270","article-title":"Atypical functional hierarchy contributed to the tinnitus symptoms in patients with vestibular schwannoma","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"382","author":"Baguley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646014","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.646014","article-title":"Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Tinnitus Treatment in Vestibular Schwannoma: A Pilot Study","volume":"12","author":"Leao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00378","article-title":"Predictors of Preoperative Tinnitus in Unilateral Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma","volume":"8","author":"Naros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Management of 1000 Vestibular Schwannomas (Acoustic Neuromas): Clinical Presentation","volume":"40","author":"Matthies","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"82","article-title":"Clinical Acumen and Vestibular Schwannoma","volume":"19","author":"Moffat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00136","article-title":"Postoperative Tinnitus after Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery Depends on Preoperative Tinnitus and Both Pre- and Postoperative Hearing Function","volume":"9","author":"Trakolis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"663","article-title":"Tinnitus: Diagnosis and Management","volume":"103","author":"Dalrymple","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15193","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.15193","article-title":"Neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric hematological cancer survivors post-HSCT: A systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Ansari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Transpl."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: A tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2020.1869304","article-title":"Identification of factors associated with tinnitus outcomes following the microsurgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma patients","volume":"141","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87915-3","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical gray matter changes in patients with chronic tinnitus sustaining after vestibular schwannoma surgery","volume":"11","author":"Trakolis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06531-5","article-title":"Management of tinnitus in patients with vestibular schwannoma who underwent surgical resection","volume":"278","author":"Kitamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2022.21541","article-title":"Cochlear Implantation for Patients with a Vestibular Schwannoma: Effect on Tinnitus Handicap","volume":"18","author":"West","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Int. Adv. Otol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2020.1720287","article-title":"Larger tumor size and female gender suggest better tinnitus prognosis after surgical treatment in vestibular schwannoma patients with tinnitus","volume":"140","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zipfel, J., Gorbachuk, M., Gugel, I., Tatagiba, M., and Schuhmann, M.U. (2022). Management of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas in Children-Volumetric Analysis and Clinical Outcome Assessment. Children, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/children9040490"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894231169341","article-title":"Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in the Treatment of Intracanalicular Vestibular Schwannomas Using Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiation","volume":"132","author":"Turek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machetanz, K., Wang, S.S., Oberle, L., Tatagiba, M., and Naros, G. (2023). Sex Differences in Vestibular Schwannoma. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15174365"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.11.002","article-title":"Large-scale gradients in human cortical organization","volume":"22","author":"Huntenburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.118987","article-title":"Gradients in brain organization","volume":"251","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.18.4.11","article-title":"Evolution of vestibular schwannoma surgery: The long journey to current success","volume":"18","author":"Koerbel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus FOC"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1097\/GH9.0000000000000074","article-title":"The history and evolution of vestibular schwannoma surgery: A comprehensive review","volume":"5","author":"Gajic","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJS Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.8.903","article-title":"Microsurgery VS Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Vestibular Schwannomas","volume":"129","author":"Kaylie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"676","article-title":"The best treatment for vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma): Microsurgery or radiosurgery?","volume":"17","author":"Sekhar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000340684.60443.55","article-title":"Vestibular Schwannoma: Surgery or Gamma Knife Ra-diosurgery? A prospective, Nonrandomized Study","volume":"64","author":"Myrseth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayashi, M., Chernov, M.F., Lipski, S.M., Tamura, N., Yomo, S., Horiba, A., Tsuzuki, S., Izawa, M., Okada, Y., and Muragaki, Y. (2013). Do We Really Still Need an Open Surgery for Treatment of Patients with Vestibular Schwannomas?, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1376-9_5"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"159","article-title":"Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Vestibular Schwannomas","volume":"42","author":"Lim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002721","article-title":"What clinicians should consider to determine a more beneficial treatment strategy for small to medium sized vestibular schwannoma with serviceable hearing: A single surgeon\u2019s long-term outcome of microsurgery and Gamma Knife radiosurgery","volume":"41","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.7.GKS12783","article-title":"Long-term follow-up studies of Gamma Knife surgery with a low margin dose for vestibular schwannoma","volume":"117","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2014.55.1.19","article-title":"Change in tinnitus after treatment of vestibular schwannoma: Microsurgery VS gamma knife radiosurgery","volume":"55","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000185043.54147.3a","article-title":"Change in tinnitus handicap after translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma excision","volume":"26","author":"Baguley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.02.006","article-title":"Patient Choice in Treatment of Vestibular Schwannoma","volume":"130","author":"Pogodzinski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-023-03433-x","article-title":"Patient-preferred outcomes in patients with vestibular schwannoma: A qualitative content analysis of symptoms, side effects and their impact on health-related quality of life","volume":"32","author":"Pruijn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.03.182","article-title":"Patient Motivation and Long-Term Satisfaction with Treatment Choice in Vestibular Schwannoma","volume":"114","author":"Carlson","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002110","article-title":"Prevalence of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: Reconciling Temporal Bone, Radiologic, and Population-based Studies","volume":"40","author":"Marinelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(00)00093-6","article-title":"Clinical picture of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"28","author":"Kentala","year":"2001","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, L., Alahmari, M., Temel, Y., and Hovinga, K. (2020). Therapy of sporadic and NF2-related vestibular schwannoma. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12040835"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17407745231217279","article-title":"Patient-reported measures of tinnitus for individuals with neurofibromatosis type 2\u2013related schwannomatosis: Recommendations for clinical trials","volume":"21","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-021-03910-8","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas in neurofibromatosis type 2 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Tosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcad197","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad197","article-title":"The comparable tumour microenvironment in sporadic and NF2-related schwannomatosis vestibular schwannoma","volume":"5","author":"Gregory","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-020-04728-x","article-title":"Managing NF2-associated vestibular schwannomas in children and young adults: Review of an institutional series regarding effects of surgery and bevacizumab on growth rates, tumor volume, and hearing quality","volume":"36","author":"Gugel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38582-y","article-title":"Changes in tinnitus after vestibular schwannoma surgery","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"167","article-title":"Tinnitus and quality of life following vestibular schwannoma surgery","volume":"8","author":"Lassaletta","year":"2012","journal-title":"B-Ent"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"049","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-926216","article-title":"The clinical characteristics of tinnitus in patients with vestibular schwannoma","volume":"16","author":"Baguley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000760","article-title":"Long-term Auditory Symptoms in Patients with Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: An International Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"77","author":"Tveiten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.61.1.12","article-title":"Saccular function evolution related to cochlear implantation in hearing impaired children","volume":"61","author":"Cozma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/11\/3065\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:47:32Z","timestamp":1760107652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/11\/3065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13113065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13113065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]}}}