{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:46:27Z","timestamp":1790703987050,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Psoas muscle abscess (PMA) is an uncommon yet severe condition characterized by diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its varied etiology and nonspecific symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of various imaging techniques used in the image-guided percutaneous drainage (PD) of PMA. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for studies published in English from 1998 onwards that reported on the use of PD in treating PMA, detailing outcomes and complications. Imaging modalities guiding PD were also examined. Results: We identified 1570 articles, selecting 39 for full review. Of these, 23 met the inclusion criteria; 19 were excluded due to unspecified PMA, absence of imaging guidance for PD, or inconclusive results. Eleven studies utilized computed tomography (CT) for PD, with six also using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten studies implemented ultrasound (US)-guided PD; variations in diagnostic imaging included combinations of US, CT, and MRI. A mixed approach using both CT and US was reported in two articles. Most studies using CT-guided PD showed complete success, while outcomes varied among those using US-guided PD. No studies employed MRI-guided PD. Conclusions: This review supports a multimodal approach for psoas abscess management, using MRI for diagnosis and CT for drainage guidance. We advocate for Cone Beam CT (CBCT)-MRI fusion techniques with navigation systems to enhance treatment precision and outcomes, particularly in complex cases with challenging abscess characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13113199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T06:08:14Z","timestamp":1717049294000},"page":"3199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluating Imaging Techniques for Diagnosing and Drainage Guidance of Psoas Muscle Abscess: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Murtadha Qais","family":"Al-Khafaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9239-0752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Walid","family":"Al-Smadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Dr. Manninger Jen\u0151 National Traumatology Institute, 1081 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Qais","family":"Al-Khafaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siran","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Dr. Manninger Jen\u0151 National Traumatology Institute, 1081 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Neurotraumatology, Semmelweis University, 1081 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousif Qais","family":"Al-Khafaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panna","family":"Bagossy-Bl\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Dr. Manninger Jen\u0151 National Traumatology Institute, 1081 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hakem","family":"Al Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1lint L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology, Dr. Manninger Jen\u0151 National Traumatology Institute, 1081 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8875-8657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1rp\u00e1d","family":"Viola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Dr. Manninger Jen\u0151 National Traumatology Institute, 1081 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Neurotraumatology, Semmelweis University, 1081 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01647695","article-title":"Psoas Abscess in Bristol: A 10-Year Review","volume":"2","author":"Bartolo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. 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