{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:52:22Z","timestamp":1790110342729,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The demographic profile of patients transitioning from chronic kidney disease to kidney replacement therapy is changing, with a higher prevalence of aging patients with multiple comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in this population, exacerbated by the cardiovascular stress imposed by the HD procedure. The first year after transitioning to hemodialysis is associated with increased risks of hospitalization and mortality, particularly within the first 90\u2013120 days, with greater vulnerability observed among the elderly. Based on data from clinics in Fresenius Medical Care Europe, Middle East, and Africa NephroCare, this review aims to optimize hemodialysis procedures to reduce mortality risk in stable incident and prevalent patients. It addresses critical aspects such as treatment duration, frequency, choice of dialysis membrane, dialysate composition, blood and dialysate flow rates, electrolyte composition, temperature control, target weight management, dialysis adequacy, and additional protocols, with a focus on mitigating prevalent intradialytic complications, particularly intradialytic hypotension prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13113211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T06:08:14Z","timestamp":1717049294000},"page":"3211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hemodialysis Procedures for Stable Incident and Prevalent Patients Optimize Hemodynamic Stability, Dialysis Dose, Electrolytes, and Fluid Balance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9546-4507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Stuard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Ridel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 94260 Fresnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Cioffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 80133 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alijana","family":"Trost-Rupnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 1351 Brezovica pri Ljubljani, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Gurevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, Saint Petersburg 194354, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Bojic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 75400 Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yerkebulan","family":"Karibayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, Almaty 050003, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8229-9733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilufar","family":"Mohebbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 8002 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Marcinkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 60118 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlasta","family":"Kupres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 49210 Zabok, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Maslovaric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 11000 Beograd, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Antebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, Ra\u2019anana 4366411, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 1750-233 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamdouh","family":"Nada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, Riyadh 12472, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6932-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eva Baro","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 28760 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7201-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Rosenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 04011 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Jirka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 16000 Praha, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kira","family":"Enden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 00380 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volodymyr","family":"Novakivskyy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 02099 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Voiculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 013682 Bucuresti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Arkossy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FME Global Medical Office, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.07.012","article-title":"A single number for advocacy and communication-worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases","volume":"96","author":"Jager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00570-3","article-title":"An update on the global disparities in kidney disease burden and care across world countries and regions","volume":"12","author":"Bello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1159\/000500877","article-title":"The Prevalence of Intradialytic Hypotension in Patients on Conventional Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis","volume":"49","author":"Kuipers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.04.031","article-title":"Kidney Clinicians\u2019 Perceptions of Challenges and Aspirations to Improve End-of-Life Care Provision","volume":"8","author":"Ducharlet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.07.007","article-title":"The \u201cAdvancing American Kidney Health\u201d Executive Order: Challenges and Opportunities for the Large Dialysis Organizations","volume":"76","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00391.x","article-title":"Sudden and cardiac death rates in hemodialysis patients","volume":"55","author":"Bleyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-139X.2003.160271.x","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of cardiac disease in dialysis patients: Left ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, and cardiac failure","volume":"16","author":"Foley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000299","article-title":"Update on Hemodialysis-Induced Multiorgan Ischemia: Brains and Beyond","volume":"35","author":"McIntyre","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018713","article-title":"Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Uremia-Related Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"133","author":"Tonelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12532","article-title":"An Update on Intradialytic Cardiac Dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Odudu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfv021","article-title":"The first year on haemodialysis: A critical transition","volume":"8","author":"Broers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12603","article-title":"Clinical parameters before and after the transition to dialysis","volume":"22","author":"Maddux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hemodial. Int. Int. Symp. Home Hemodial."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013050491","article-title":"Healthcare intensity at initiation of chronic dialysis among older adults","volume":"25","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.05.015","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study predicting and validating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with chronic kidney disease","volume":"102","author":"Dashtban","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab160","article-title":"Prolonged patient survival after implementation of a continuous quality improvement programme empowered by digital transformation in a large dialysis network","volume":"37","author":"Garbelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12626","article-title":"Definitions of intradialytic hypotension","volume":"30","author":"Assimon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"S1","article-title":"K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients","volume":"45","author":"Workgroup","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii22","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm019","article-title":"EBPG guideline on haemodynamic instability","volume":"22","author":"Kooman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Mactier, R., Hoenich, N., and Breen, C. (2024, May 19). UK Renal Association Clinical Practice Guidelines: Haemodialysis 5th Edition. Guideline 8.1\u2014HD: Symptomatic Dialysis-Related Hypotension Haemodialysis. Available online: https:\/\/ukkidney.org\/sites\/renal.org\/files\/haemodialysis-5th-edition.pdf."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2012.01088.x","article-title":"Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy guidelines for management of cardiovascular diseases in patients on chronic hemodialysis","volume":"16","author":"Hirakata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther. Apher. Dial."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12138","article-title":"Intradialytic hypotension: Frequency, sources of variation and correlation with clinical outcome","volume":"18","author":"Sands","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hemodial. Int. Int. Symp. Home Hemodial."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09930913","article-title":"Attending rounds: A patient with intradialytic hypotension","volume":"9","author":"Reilly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.10.031","article-title":"Why is Intradialytic Hypotension the Commonest Complication of Outpatient Dialysis Treatments?","volume":"8","author":"Davenport","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.28090","article-title":"Pathophysiology of dialysis hypotension: An update","volume":"38","author":"Daugirdas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa078","article-title":"An update review of intradialytic hypotension: Concept, risk factors, clinical implications and management","volume":"13","author":"Kanbay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00812.x","article-title":"Hemodialysis-associated hypotension as an independent risk factor for two-year mortality in hemodialysis patients","volume":"66","author":"Shoji","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00850112","article-title":"Hemodialysis-induced regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Prevalence, patient and dialysis treatment-related factors, and prognostic significance","volume":"7","author":"Assa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014020222","article-title":"Association of mortality risk with various definitions of intradialytic hypotension","volume":"26","author":"Flythe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04470709","article-title":"Hemodialysis-induced repetitive myocardial injury results in global and segmental reduction in systolic cardiac function","volume":"4","author":"Burton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg450","article-title":"The effect of frequent or occasional dialysis-associated hypotension on survival of patients on maintenance haemodialysis","volume":"18","author":"Tisler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000485160","article-title":"Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis and Prevention of Intradialytic Hypotension","volume":"45","author":"Dekker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg171","article-title":"Characteristics of hypotension-prone haemodialysis patients: Is there a critical relative blood volume?","volume":"18","author":"Barth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"66","article-title":"Shock: A review of pathophysiology and management. Part II","volume":"2","author":"Worthley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit. Care Resusc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182772ab6","article-title":"The role of venous return in critical illness and shock-part I: Physiology","volume":"41","author":"Funk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12511","article-title":"Bioimpedance monitoring of cellular hydration during hemodialysis therapy","volume":"21","author":"Montgomery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hemodial. Int.  Int. Symp. Home Hemodial."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii5","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm022","article-title":"EBPG guideline on dialysis strategies","volume":"22","author":"Tattersall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashby, D., Borman, N., Burton, J., Corbett, R., Davenport, A., Farrington, K., Flowers, K., Fotheringham, J., Andrea Fox, R.N., and Franklin, G. (2019). Renal Association Clinical Practice Guideline on Haemodialysis. BMC Nephrol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1527-3"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Kidney Foundation (2015). KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Hemodialysis Adequacy: 2015 Update. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 66, 884\u2013930.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.07.015"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4180","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs021","article-title":"Longer dialysis session length is associated with better intermediate outcomes and survival among patients on in-center three times per week hemodialysis: Results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)","volume":"27","author":"Tentori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamamoto, M., Matsumoto, T., Ohmori, H., Takemoto, M., Ikeda, M., Sumimoto, R., Kobayashi, T., Kato, A., and Ohdan, H. (2021). Effect of increased blood flow rate on renal anemia and hepcidin concentration in hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02426-7"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.274","article-title":"Hemodialyzer mass transfer-area coefficients for urea increase at high dialysate flow rates. The Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study","volume":"51","author":"Leypoldt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albalate, M., P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda, R., de Sequera, P., Corchete, E., Alcazar, R., Ortega, M., and Puerta, M. (2015). Is it useful to increase dialysate flow rate to improve the delivered Kt?. BMC Nephrol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0013-9"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2011.00577.x","article-title":"Dialysate saving by automated control of flow rates: Comparison between individualized online hemodiafiltration and standard hemodialysis","volume":"15","author":"Mesic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hemodial. Int. Int. Symp. Home Hemodial."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh102","article-title":"Optimal composition of the dialysate, with emphasis on its influence on blood pressure","volume":"19","author":"Locatelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2009.00570.x","article-title":"Reducing sodium intake in hemodialysis patients","volume":"22","author":"Lindley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2011.00973.x","article-title":"Sodium alignment in clinical practice\u2014Implementation and implications","volume":"24","author":"Raimann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.09.024","article-title":"Sodium and water handling during hemodialysis: New pathophysiologic insights and management approaches for improving outcomes in end-stage kidney disease","volume":"95","author":"Canaud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12634","article-title":"Dialysate sodium and intradialytic hypotension","volume":"30","author":"Hussein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfv057","article-title":"Optimizing haemodialysate composition","volume":"8","author":"Locatelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miskulin, D.C., Tighiouart, H., Hsu, C.M., and Weiner, D.E. (2024). Dialysate Sodium Lowering in Maintenance Hemodialysis A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000431"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3390\/kidneydial1020022","article-title":"What Is the Optimal Dialysate Sodium Concentration?","volume":"1","author":"Lindley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Dial."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpu040","article-title":"Dialysate sodium prescription and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients","volume":"27","author":"Hecking","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3390\/kidneydial1020019","article-title":"A Personal and Practical Answer From a Clinical Perspective","volume":"1","author":"Canaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Dial."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935388","DOI":"10.3389\/fneph.2022.935388","article-title":"Sodium First Approach, to Reset Our Mind for Improving Management of Sodium, Water, Volume and Pressure in Hemodialysis Patients, and to Reduce Cardiovascular Burden and Improve Outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Canaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raimann, J.G., Ficociello, L.H., Usvyat, L.A., Zhang, H., Pacelli, L., Moore, S., Sheppard, P., Xiao, Q., Wang, Y., and Mullon, C. (2018). Effects of dialysate to serum sodium (Na(+)) alignment in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients: Retrospective cohort study from a quality improvement project. BMC Nephrol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-0870-0"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13328","article-title":"Zero Diffusive Sodium Balance in Hemodialysis Provided by an Algorithm-Based Electrolyte Balancing Controller: A Proof of Principle Clinical Study","volume":"43","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1177\/0391398820903055","article-title":"Evaluation of intradialytic sodium shifts during sodium controlled hemodialysis","volume":"43","author":"Ponce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13463","article-title":"Automated individualization of dialysate sodium concentration reduces intradialytic plasma sodium changes in hemodialysis","volume":"43","author":"Sagova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1159\/000169600","article-title":"Ionized calcium plays a pivotal role in controlling blood pressure during haemodialysis","volume":"7","author":"Leunissen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12454","article-title":"Correcting Acidosis during Hemodialysis: Current Limitations and a Potential Solution","volume":"29","author":"Tovbin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016070780","article-title":"Bicarbonate Balance and Prescription in ESRD","volume":"28","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000297","article-title":"Chemical and hormonal determinants of vascular calcification in vitro","volume":"69","author":"Lomashvili","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002646","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis inhibits soft tissue calcification in uremic rats","volume":"73","author":"Mendoza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.13068","article-title":"Metabolic alkalosis in hemodialysis patients","volume":"36","author":"Mudunuru","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12659","article-title":"Acid-base alterations in ESRD and effects of hemodialysis","volume":"31","author":"Qian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12710","article-title":"Aiming for the optimal bicarbonate prescription for maintenance hemodialysis therapy in end-stage renal disease","volume":"23","author":"Bozikas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hemodial. Int. Int. Symp. Home Hemodial."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"226","article-title":"Heart rate variability, arrhythmia and magnesium in hemodialysis patients","volume":"15","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Calcium"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2094805","article-title":"Acid-base balance in hemodialysis patients in everyday practice","volume":"44","author":"Wieliczko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.03.035","article-title":"Association of dialysate bicarbonate concentration with mortality in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)","volume":"62","author":"Tentori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg383","article-title":"Unexpected haemodynamic instability associated with standard bicarbonate haemodialysis","volume":"18","author":"Gabutti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2003). K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 42, S1\u2013S201.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00905-3"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp365","article-title":"Calcium balance in haemodialysis--do not lower the dialysate calcium concentration too much (con part)","volume":"24","author":"Touam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-3-358","article-title":"Blood pressure response to changes in serum ionized calcium during hemodialysis","volume":"104","author":"Maynard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9669433","article-title":"Effect of dialysate calcium concentrations on intradialytic blood pressure course in cardiac-compromised patients","volume":"32","author":"Cheriex","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Update Work Group (2017). KDIGO 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int. Suppl., 7, 1\u201359. Erratum in Kidney Int. Suppl. 2017, 7, e1.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.10.001"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.04.006","article-title":"Executive summary of the 2017 KDIGO Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) Guideline Update: What\u2019s changed and why it matters","volume":"92","author":"Ketteler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12573","article-title":"Dialysate Composition for Hemodialysis: Changes and Changing Risk","volume":"30","author":"McGill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10000912","article-title":"Dialysate calcium concentration and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in hemodialysis patients","volume":"8","author":"Pun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1159\/000452601","article-title":"High Dialysate Calcium Concentration May Cause More Sympathetic Stimulus During Hemodialysis","volume":"41","author":"Jimenez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus412","article-title":"A case series of chronic haemodialysis patients: Mortality, sudden death, and QT interval","volume":"15","author":"Genovesi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23658-y","article-title":"Long-term effects of low calcium dialysates on the serum calcium levels during maintenance hemodialysis treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2019.05.005","article-title":"Dialysate Calcium: A Lot More Than \u2018Set It and Forget It\u2019","volume":"1","author":"Garimella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2019.08.002","article-title":"Short- and Long-term Effects of Dialysate Calcium Concentrations on Mineral and Bone Metabolism in Hemodialysis Patients: The K4 Study","volume":"1","author":"Sakoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Med."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000494584","article-title":"Dialysate Calcium Levels: Do They Matter?","volume":"47","author":"Kotanko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"716","article-title":"Arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients","volume":"22","author":"Voroneanu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfv038","article-title":"A neglected issue in dialysis practice: Haemodialysate","volume":"8","author":"Basile","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu376","article-title":"Ranking of factors determining potassium mass balance in bicarbonate haemodialysis","volume":"30","author":"Basile","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000182015","article-title":"Effect of potassium removal during hemodialysis on the plasma potassium concentration","volume":"27","author":"Feig","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.1.78","article-title":"Low-potassium and glucose-free dialysis maintains urea but enhances potassium removal","volume":"16","author":"Zehnder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh770","article-title":"The effect of two different protocols of potassium haemodiafiltration on QT dispersion","volume":"20","author":"Buemi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-100001285","article-title":"Symptomatic atrial arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients","volume":"23","author":"Ansari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1980.93","article-title":"Mechanism and prevention of cardiac arrhythmias in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"17","author":"Morrison","year":"1980","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.5.1090","article-title":"Serum potassium levels and atrial fibrillation in haemodialysis patients","volume":"16","author":"Korzets","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Understanding and Managing Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Kidney Disease","volume":"7","author":"Khouri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Atr. Fibrillation"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.315","article-title":"Modifiable risk factors associated with sudden cardiac arrest within hemodialysis clinics","volume":"79","author":"Pun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00806.x","article-title":"Cardiac arrest and sudden death in dialysis units","volume":"60","author":"Karnik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.09.015","article-title":"Dialysate Potassium, Serum Potassium, Mortality, and Arrhythmia Events in Hemodialysis: Results From the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)","volume":"69","author":"Karaboyas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006","article-title":"KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update","volume":"76","author":"Ikizler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"S16","article-title":"Intradialytic changes of serum magnesium and their relation to hypotensive episodes in hemodialysis patients on different dialysates","volume":"10","author":"Elsharkawy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hemodial. Int. Int. Symp. Home Hemodial."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00875.x","article-title":"Dialysate magnesium level and blood pressure","volume":"66","author":"Kyriazis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08380718","article-title":"Magnesium Concentration in Dialysate: Is Higher Better?","volume":"13","author":"Floege","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.01.029","article-title":"Magnesium and Dialysis: The Neglected Cation","volume":"66","author":"Alhosaini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP62362","article-title":"The mechanism of hypoglycemia caused by hemodialysis","volume":"62","author":"Takahashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"242","article-title":"Occult hypoglycemia caused by hemodialysis","volume":"51","author":"Jackson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl822","article-title":"From cold dialysis to isothermic dialysis: A twenty-five year voyage","volume":"22","author":"Pizzarelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1992.147","article-title":"Improved left ventricular contractility with cool temperature hemodialysis","volume":"41","author":"Levy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"71","article-title":"Cold as cardiovascular stabilizing factor in hemodialysis: Hemodynamic evaluation","volume":"29","author":"Coli","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs"},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"384","article-title":"Effect of cooled dialysate on serum catecholamines and blood pressure stability","volume":"29","author":"Mahida","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02010606","article-title":"Dialysis-induced regional left ventricular dysfunction is ameliorated by cooling the dialysate","volume":"1","author":"Selby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl126","article-title":"A systematic review of the clinical effects of reducing dialysate fluid temperature","volume":"21","author":"Selby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004080655","article-title":"Effect of ultrafiltration on thermal variables, skin temperature, skin blood flow, and energy expenditure during ultrapure hemodialysis","volume":"16","author":"Rosales","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2000.8986","article-title":"Isothermic hemodialysis and ultrafiltration","volume":"36","author":"Rosales","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.34506","article-title":"The effects of control of thermal balance on vascular stability in hemodialysis patients: Results of the European randomized clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Maggiore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013101086","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of dialysate cooling and effects on brain white matter","volume":"26","author":"Eldehni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01988-2","article-title":"Evaluating the results of MyTEMP, a cluster randomised trial of lower temperature haemodialysis: The end of a cool idea?","volume":"400","author":"Selby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad003","article-title":"Effectiveness of cold HD for the prevention of HD hypotension and mortality in the general HD population","volume":"38","author":"Zoccali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad054","article-title":"Cold haemodialysis: The instrumental power of large cohorts","volume":"38","author":"Combe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00200115","article-title":"Randomized Controlled Trial of Individualized Dialysate Cooling for Cardiac Protection in Hemodialysis Patients","volume":"10","author":"Odudu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2009.00641.x","article-title":"Can chronic volume overload be recognized and prevented in hemodialysis patients? The pitfalls of the clinical examination in assessing volume status","volume":"22","author":"Sinha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S245621","article-title":"Prevention of Intradialytic Hypotension in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Challenges and Future Prospects","volume":"16","author":"Hamrahian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nephrol. Renov. Dis."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1307-4","article-title":"Hypotension and hypovolemia during hemodialysis: Is the usual suspect innocent?","volume":"20","author":"Berger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onofriescu, M., Siriopol, D., Voroneanu, L., Hogas, S., Nistor, I., Apetrii, M., Florea, L., Veisa, G., Mititiuc, I., and Kanbay, M. (2015). Overhydration, Cardiac Function and Survival in Hemodialysis Patients. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135691"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90309-1","article-title":"Role of volume overload in dialysis-refractory hypertension","volume":"28","author":"Fishbane","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn707","article-title":"The mortality risk of overhydration in haemodialysis patients","volume":"24","author":"Wizemann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016121341","article-title":"Chronic Fluid Overload and Mortality in ESRD","volume":"28","author":"Zoccali","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(98)70147-7","article-title":"Blood pressure control in dialysis patients: Importance of the lag phenomenon","volume":"32","author":"Charra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy113","article-title":"Soluble CD146 and B-type natriuretic peptide dissect overhydration into functional components of prognostic relevance in haemodialysis patients","volume":"33","author":"Arrigo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/27\/9\/012","article-title":"Body fluid volume determination via body composition spectroscopy in health and disease","volume":"27","author":"Moissl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp487","article-title":"Guided optimization of fluid status in haemodialysis patients","volume":"25","author":"Machek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.80","article-title":"A whole-body model to distinguish excess fluid from the hydration of major body tissues","volume":"85","author":"Chamney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3547","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm466","article-title":"Association between high ultrafiltration rates and mortality in uraemic patients on regular haemodialysis. A 5-year prospective observational multicentre study","volume":"22","author":"Movilli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00657.x","article-title":"Cardiac diseases in maintenance hemodialysis patients: Results of the HEMO Study","volume":"65","author":"Cheung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000186","article-title":"Longer treatment time and slower ultrafiltration in hemodialysis: Associations with reduced mortality in the DOPPS","volume":"69","author":"Saran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.383","article-title":"Rapid fluid removal during dialysis is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality","volume":"79","author":"Flythe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_135","unstructured":"NQF 2701 (2024, April 02). Avoidance of Utilization of High Ultrafiltration Rate (>\/=13 ml\/kg\/hour). Available online: https:\/\/kidneycarepartners.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Yellow-AllKCQASummary09-11-15CLEAN.pdf."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000144","article-title":"Ultrafiltration Rate Levels in Hemodialysis Patients Associated with Weight-Specific Mortality Risks","volume":"18","author":"Mermelstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010030280","article-title":"Hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration reduce intradialytic hypotension in ESRD","volume":"21","author":"Locatelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg206","article-title":"Reduction of hypotensive side effects during online-haemodiafiltration and low temperature haemodialysis","volume":"18","author":"Donauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1291916","article-title":"Thermal effects and blood pressure response during postdilution hemodiafiltration and hemodialysis: The effect of amount of replacement fluid and dialysate temperature","volume":"12","author":"Sande","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E280","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13923","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of sodium mass removal using ionic dialysance and sodium gradient as a proxy tool: Comparison of high-flux hemodialysis versus online hemodiafiltration","volume":"45","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czifra, A., Pall, A., Kulcsar, J., Barta, K., Kertesz, A., Paragh, G., Lorincz, I., Jenei, Z., Agarwal, A., and Zarjou, A. (2013). Hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration differently modulate left ventricular diastolic function. BMC Nephrol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-76"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-018-00581-z","article-title":"Sodium removal and plasma tonicity balance are not different in hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration using high-flux membranes","volume":"32","author":"Ravasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.9","article-title":"Online hemodiafiltration reduces systemic inflammation compared to low-flux hemodialysis","volume":"86","author":"Bots","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012080875","article-title":"High-efficiency postdilution online hemodiafiltration reduces all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients","volume":"24","author":"Maduell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs407","article-title":"Mortality and cardiovascular events in online haemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) compared with high-flux dialysis: Results from the Turkish OL-HDF Study","volume":"28","author":"Ok","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011121140","article-title":"Effect of online hemodiafiltration on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Grooteman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.11.016","article-title":"Hemodiafiltration Versus Hemodialysis and Survival in Patients With ESRD: The French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) Registry","volume":"68","author":"Mercadal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304820","article-title":"Effect of Hemodiafiltration or Hemodialysis on Mortality in Kidney Failure","volume":"389","author":"Blankestijn","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1159\/000510551","article-title":"Practice Patterns and Outcomes of Online Hemodiafiltration: A Real-World Evidence Study in a Russian Dialysis Network","volume":"50","author":"Neri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-013-0526-8","article-title":"Survival of incident patients on high-volume online hemodiafiltration compared to low-volume online hemodiafiltration and high-flux hemodialysis","volume":"46","author":"Imamovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.139","article-title":"Optimal convection volume for improving patient outcomes in an international incident dialysis cohort treated with online hemodiafiltration","volume":"88","author":"Canaud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000371446","article-title":"Improved survival of incident patients with high-volume haemodiafiltration: A propensity-matched cohort study with inverse probability of censoring weighting","volume":"129","author":"Canaud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1159\/000481669","article-title":"Hemodiafiltration reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in incident hemodialysis patients: A propensity-matched cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Maduell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv349","article-title":"Haemodiafiltration and mortality in end-stage kidney disease patients: A pooled individual participant data analysis from four randomized controlled trials","volume":"31","author":"Peters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12345","article-title":"High-volume postdilution hemodiafiltration is a feasible option in routine clinical practice","volume":"39","author":"Marcelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.13070","article-title":"Prescription of online hemodiafiltration (ol-HDF)","volume":"35","author":"Canaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(88)80069-6","article-title":"Postprandial blood pressure changes during hemodialysis","volume":"12","author":"Sherman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.13967","article-title":"The effect of food intake during hemodialysis on blood pressure: A nonrandomized experimental trial","volume":"27","author":"Avci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Apher. Dial."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V3111813","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of intradialytic food ingestion and the effects of caffeine","volume":"3","author":"Barakat","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fotiadou, E., Georgianos, P.I., Chourdakis, M., Zebekakis, P.E., and Liakopoulos, V. (2020). Eating during the Hemodialysis Session: A Practice Improving Nutritional Status or a Risk Factor for Intradialytic Hypotension and Reduced Dialysis Adequacy?. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061703"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2012.11.001","article-title":"Let them eat during dialysis: An overlooked opportunity to improve outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"23","author":"Ikizler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ren. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09091","article-title":"Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis: The CRIC Study (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort)","volume":"70","author":"Bansal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13485","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013485","article-title":"Prognostic value of pre-dialysis blood pressure and risk threshold on clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients: The Q-Cohort Study","volume":"97","author":"Hara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04334","article-title":"Blood pressure and risk of all-cause mortality in advanced chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis: The chronic renal insufficiency cohort study","volume":"65","author":"Bansal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.136","article-title":"Blood pressure levels and mortality risk among hemodialysis patients in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study","volume":"82","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2136527","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and management of hemodialysis patients with pre-dialysis hypertension: A multicenter observational study","volume":"44","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12777","article-title":"Timing of blood pressure medications and intradialytic hypotension","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemodialysis Adequacy Work Group (2006). Clinical practice guidelines for hemodialysis adequacy, update 2006. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 48, S2\u2013S90.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.03.051"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1970.00310010071005","article-title":"The short-term effect of furosemide on electrolyte and water excretion in patients with severe renal disease","volume":"125","author":"Gregory","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.469","article-title":"Blood pressure in chronic kidney disease stage 5D-report from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes controversies conference","volume":"77","author":"Levin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_171","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Hemodialysis clinical practice guidelines for the Canadian Society of Nephrology","volume":"17","author":"Jindal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/11\/3211\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:50:42Z","timestamp":1760107842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/11\/3211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"references-count":171,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13113211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13113211","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]}}}