{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:22:13Z","timestamp":1782285733306,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Introduction: Tendinous mallet finger is a frequent deformity that occurs after an extensor tendon injury during sports or daily life activities. Despite the existence of numerous non-operative and operative techniques to address this deformity, there is a controversy on its optimal management. In this study, we aimed to present a direct tendon suture technique using the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint open approach for treating tendinous mallet finger injury. (2) Methods: Between 2019 and 2021, 19 patients with closed non-fracture tendinous mallet fingers underwent the direct tendon and paratenon repair technique. After skin incision, we opened the paratenon with lazy S shape incision and found the ruptured proximal and distal tendon ends. We reapproximated the tendons using a simple interrupted suture with Prolene #6\/0. After that, we meticulously performed paratenon repair using PDS #6\/0 for preventing readherence. Temporary trans-articular Kirschner wire fixation was used for 4 weeks. (3) Results: All patients were followed-up for 3\u20138 months (mean: 4.8 months). The mean final extension lag was 6.5 degrees, and the overall rate of cases with excellent and good outcomes using Crawford\u2019s criteria was 85%. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, this surgical approach could be a reliable alternative for the treatment of tendinous mallet finger injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13113215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T06:08:14Z","timestamp":1717049294000},"page":"3215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Direct Tendon Suture and Paratenon Repair Technique for Acute Tendinous Mallet Finger: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4992-0636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungjun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4372-6955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seokchan","family":"Eun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.08.045","article-title":"Acute, closed tendinous mallet injuries","volume":"39","author":"Renfree","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(78)80144-0","article-title":"The spiral oblique retinacular ligament (SORL)","volume":"3","author":"Thompson","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001206010036","article-title":"Management of extensor tendon injuries","volume":"6","author":"Griffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Orthop. J."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"159","article-title":"Mallet finger: Comparison between operative and conservative management in those cases failing to be cured by splintage","volume":"13","author":"Warren","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"177","article-title":"Treatment of tendinous mallet fingers using a stack splint versus a dorsal glued splint","volume":"15","author":"Vernet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Extensor tendon injuries and repairs in the hand","volume":"28","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-968X(82)80011-9","article-title":"Mallet-finger injuries: A prospective, controlled trial of internal and external splintage","volume":"14","author":"Auchincloss","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubin, G., Ammuri, A., Mano, U.D., Shay, R., Svorai, S.B., Sagiv, R., and Rozen, N. (2023). Outcome Differences between Conservatively Treated Acute Bony and Tendinous Mallet Fingers. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206557"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.07.021","article-title":"Pull-out wire fixation for acute mallet finger fractures with k-wire stabilization of the distal interphalangeal joint","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193420902004","article-title":"Kirschner wire fixation with distal interphalangeal joint hyperextension for treatment of chronic tendinous mallet finger","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(93)90157-B","article-title":"Fowler\u2019s tenotomy for mallet deformity","volume":"18","author":"Houpt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.01.040","article-title":"Central slip tenotomy with distal repair in the treatment of severe chronic mallet fingers","volume":"39","author":"Rozmaryn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0b013e31820ab73c","article-title":"Hemilateral band technique for reconstructing gap defects in the terminal slip of the extensor tendon","volume":"15","author":"Savvidou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tech. Hand Up. Extrem. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b0131815ff31e","article-title":"The results of tenodermodesis for severe chronic mallet finger deformity in children","volume":"28","author":"Kardestuncer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000298","article-title":"Percutaneous tenodermodesis for mallet fingers: An office-based procedure","volume":"25","author":"Muneer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tech. Hand Up. Extrem. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"237","article-title":"Mallet finger deformities treated by buried purse-string suture","volume":"14","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e536","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000536","article-title":"Modification of the internal suture technique for mallet finger","volume":"94","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-014-9609-y","article-title":"Current concepts: Mallet finger","volume":"9","author":"Alla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10009","article-title":"Effect of paratenon and repetitive motion on the gliding resistance of tendon of extrasynovial origin","volume":"15","author":"Momose","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2010.06.003","article-title":"An anatomical and radiological study of the fascia cruris and paratenon of the Achilles tendon","volume":"17","author":"Carmont","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2013.02.001","article-title":"Gliding resistance and modifications of gliding surface of tendon: Clinical perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Amadio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hand Clin."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835522720493","article-title":"Use of Triceps Tendon and Paratenon Composite Graft for Extensor Tendon Re-construction in the Hand: A Case Report","volume":"27","author":"Shibata","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. Asian Pac."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/11\/3215\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:50:48Z","timestamp":1760107848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/11\/3215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13113215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13113215","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]}}}