{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:21:45Z","timestamp":1792549305388,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women of childbearing age. Pregnancy in SLE patients poses unique challenges due to the potential impact on maternal and fetal outcomes. We provide an overview of the management of SLE during pregnancy, including preconception risk stratification and counseling, treatment, and disease activity monitoring. These assessments are critical to minimize maternal and fetal adverse events in pregnant patients with SLE. Disease flares, preeclampsia, antiphospholipid syndrome complications, and maternal mortality are the major risks for a woman with SLE during gestation. Timely treatment of SLE relapse, differentiation of preeclampsia from lupus nephritis, and tailored management for antiphospholipid syndrome are essential for a successful pregnancy. Fetal outcomes include neonatal lupus (NL), preterm birth, cesarean delivery, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. We focused on NL, linked to maternal anti-Ro\/SS-A and anti-La\/SS-B antibodies, which can lead to various manifestations, particularly cardiac abnormalities, in newborns. While there is a common consensus regarding the preventive effect of hydroxychloroquine, the role of echocardiographic monitoring and fluorinated steroid treatment is still debated. Finally, close postpartum monitoring and counseling for subsequent pregnancies are crucial aspects of care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T06:23:11Z","timestamp":1718259791000},"page":"3454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Modern Management of Pregnancy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Prenatal Counseling to Postpartum Support"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Gamba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Zen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Depascale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Calligaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4012-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariele","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Rheumatology Centre, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AO Mauriziano di Torino, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Iaccarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0548-4983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Doria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500285394","article-title":"Environment and systemic lupus erythematosus: An overview","volume":"38","author":"Atzeni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41191","article-title":"2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Reproductive Health in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases","volume":"72","author":"Sammaritano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203302lu163oa","article-title":"Menstrual disturbances in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without alkylating therapy: Clinical, hormonal and therapeutic associations","volume":"11","author":"Pasoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00434.x","article-title":"Autoantibodies and Prediction of Reproductive Failure","volume":"56","author":"Shoenfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. 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