{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:08:44Z","timestamp":1793315324949,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study investigates the relationship between malocclusion and body posture, head posture, podal system, and gait parameters in children. Methods: A systematic review of observational studies from 2010 to 2023 was conducted and 24 cross-sectional studies involving 6199 participants were identified. These studies were categorized into those dealing with body posture (10 studies, 3601 participants), cervical vertebral column and head posture (6 studies, 644 participants), the podal system (5 studies, 1118 participants), and gait (3 studies, 836 participants). Results: Evidence suggests a significant association between malocclusion and body posture, balance, podal system, and gait parameters. Notably, eight studies found a significant relationship between malocclusion and body posture, while five studies identified this relationship with the cervical vertebral column and head posture, five with the podal system, and three with gait parameters. Conclusions: Overall, the quality of evidence was strong for the association between malocclusion and body posture and the podal system and moderate for head posture and gait parameters. These findings offer insights for therapists to design interventions tailored to children with malocclusion based on considerations of body posture, head posture, podal system, and gait parameters, though further longitudinal cohort studies are needed for better predictive understanding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T10:41:03Z","timestamp":1718275263000},"page":"3463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Correlation between Malocclusion and Body Posture and Cervical Vertebral, Podal System, and Gait Parameters in Children: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dorota","family":"R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ska-Perli\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, The Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences, 82-300 Elblag, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Potocka-Mitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Humanities, Social Sciences and Tourism, Podhale State College of Applied Sciences in Nowy Targ, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7956-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Rydzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8752-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Lipi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9820-7787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Perli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, The Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences, 82-300 Elblag, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4858-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norollah","family":"Javdaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5256-1406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Jaszczur-Nowicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Physiotherapy, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12129","article-title":"Oral inflammation and infection, and chronic medical diseases: Implications for the elderly","volume":"72","author":"Scannapieco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95865-z","article-title":"Oral health and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory mortality in older people in the UK and USA","volume":"11","author":"Kotronia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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