{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:48:20Z","timestamp":1779378500732,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This multicentric prospective study was carried out at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico and Ospedale di Stato of St. Marino Republic. Between 1 January 2019, and 31 December 2022, all pre- and post-menopausal women diagnosed with recurrent, post-coital, and interstitial cystitis at both centers were included in the study. The main aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of vaginal CO2 laser treatment, alone or combined with intravesical hyaluronic acid instillations, in managing cystitis symptoms, such as dysuria, pollakiuria, and urgency, across the entire patient cohort. The secondary objective was to investigate the reduction in number of annual cystitis episodes post-treatment. Methods: Each woman underwent three to four sessions of micro-ablative CO2 vaginal laser treatment. A follow-up examination was conducted 12 months after the final laser session (up to December 2023), during which a post-treatment VAS assessment evaluated dysuria, daily pollakiuria, and urgency. The enrolled patients recorded the number of cystitis episodes experienced during the 12-month pre- and post-treatment period. Results: Results indicated the laser\u2019s efficacy in reducing the total number of cystitis episodes per year and an improvement in symptoms up to one year post-treatment. Greater efficacy of the CO2 laser treatment, particularly when combined with intravesical hyaluronic acid instillation, was observed in both pre- and post- menopausal women. Conclusions: Fractional CO2 laser therapy represents a safe and efficacious, non-hormonal approach for pre- and post-menopausal women diagnosed with recurrent, post-coital, and interstitial cystitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T11:14:16Z","timestamp":1718622856000},"page":"3550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Efficacy of CO2 Vaginal Laser in the Treatment of Recurrent, Post-Coital and Interstitial Cystitis: A Multicentric Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3537-7014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Luvero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3119-5579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adele","family":"Silvagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3964-9076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Angioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Gynecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6074-9687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Filippini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital State of Republic of San Marino, 47893 Borgo Maggiore, San Marino"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Plotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Montera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"De Cicco Nardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Notaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9485-3877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Branda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Angioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2005.08.003","article-title":"Recurrent urinary tract infections","volume":"19","author":"Franco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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