{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:30:39Z","timestamp":1790775039218,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Among the endovascular approaches for the management of endoleak type 2 (EL 2), transcaval embolization (TCE) has shown encouraging outcomes. However, the literature is still limited. This study aimed to present the early and mid-term outcomes of TCE for EL 2 after endovascular aortic repair. Methods: A retrospective, single-center analysis of consecutive patients managed with TCE for EL 2 after standard or complex endovascular aortic repair, from August 2015 to March 2024, was conducted. The indication for TCE was the presence of an EL 2 related to \u22655 mm sac increase, compared to the first imaging after aneurysm exclusion or the smallest diameter during follow-up. Patients managed with TCE for other types of endoleaks were excluded. The primary outcomes were technical and clinical successes during follow-up. Results: Forty-three patients were included (mean age: 75.1 \u00b1 6.0 years, 90.7% males). Technical success was 97.7%. Selective embolization was performed in 48.8% and non-selective in 51.2%. No death was recorded at 30 days. The estimated clinical success was 90.0% (standard error; SE: 6.7%) and the freedom from EL 2 was 89.0% (SE 6.4%) at 36 months. Cox regression analysis showed that the type of embolization (selective vs. non-selective), type of previous repair (f\/bEVAR vs. EVAR), and use of anticoagulants did not affect follow-up outcomes. Reinterventions related to EL 2 were performed in 12.5%; three underwent an open conversion. Conclusions: TCE was related to high technical success and limited peri-operative morbidity, regardless of the type of initial endovascular aortic repair. Clinical success was encouraging with reinterventions for EL 2 affecting 12.5% of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T04:21:28Z","timestamp":1718770888000},"page":"3578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early and Mid-Term Outcomes of Transcaval Embolization for Type 2 Endoleak after Endovascular Aortic Repair"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9060-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petroula","family":"Nana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aortic Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Panuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aortic Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Rohlffs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aortic Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 I.","family":"Torrealba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aortic Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2891-777X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Spanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aortic Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilo","family":"K\u00f6lbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aortic Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.08.056","article-title":"Evolution of type II endoleaks based on different ultrasound-identified patterns","volume":"67","author":"Monastiriotis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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