{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:47Z","timestamp":1787028647134,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bio Industrial Technology Development Program","award":["20018138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20018138"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Korea)","award":["20018138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20018138"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To determine the differences in the effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment when including the upper and lower lid or lateral canthus area in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: Patients who underwent three IPL treatment sessions at 3-week intervals were divided into three groups according to the treatment sites: group A, lower lid; group B, upper and lower lids; and group C, lower lid and lateral canthal area. Before and after the IPL treatment sessions, we obtained the lid abnormality score (LAS), meibum expressibility (ME), meibum quality (MQ), lipid layer thickness (LLT), type I Schirmer test (ST), tear break-up time (TBUT) test, corneal fluorescein staining scores (CFSs), and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Results: IPL treatment significantly improved LASs, ME, MQ, TBUT, CFS, and OSDI values in all groups. Differences in LAS values before and after IPL treatment were significantly greater in groups B and C than those in group A. Conclusions: IPL treatment encompassing the upper lid and lateral canthus together with the lower lid elicited additional improvement in patients with MGD. The additional effect on treating the lateral canthus was similar to the effect observed on the additional treatment of the upper lid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T04:21:28Z","timestamp":1718770888000},"page":"3581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of Intense Pulsed Light Treatments including Upper Lid or Lateral Canthus in Patients of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ji Sang","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Cornea Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2160-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikhyun","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Cornea Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6414-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-im","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Cornea Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4486-0742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reiko","family":"Arita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Itoh Clinic, Saitama 337-0042, Japan"},{"name":"Lid and Meibomian Gland Working Group, Saitama 337-0042, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9855-1980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung Yul","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Cornea Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997b","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: Report of the definition and classification subcommittee","volume":"52","author":"Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. 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