{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T18:58:57Z","timestamp":1776711537853,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease (BD), also recognized as Beh\u00e7et Syndrome, manifests uniquely in pediatric populations as Pediatric Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease (PBD), characterized by multisystemic inflammatory symptoms including recurrent oral and genital aphthae, and diverse ocular, vascular, and neurological involvements. This review elucidates the prevalence, burden, and management strategies of headaches in children with PBD, focusing on both primary headaches, such as migraine and tension-type headaches, and secondary headaches linked to systemic disease manifestations. It explores the pathophysiological underpinnings specific to PBD-related headaches and discusses the intricate relationship between systemic inflammatory processes and neurological symptoms. By examining the literature from 2004 to 2024, this study highlights the high frequency of headache in PBD patients, underscoring its diagnostic and clinical significance. We aim to provide a detailed understanding of headache management in PBD, emphasizing tailored therapeutic strategies that address the unique challenges faced by this patient population. This review also underscores the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluations to optimize outcomes and mitigate long-term sequelae, proposing that awareness and understanding of headache in PBD can significantly enhance both diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13133659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T06:59:58Z","timestamp":1719212398000},"page":"3659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring Headaches in Pediatric Beh\u00e7et Disease: Prevalence, Clinical Impact, and Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2668-6373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Department, AOUP Santa Chiara Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4578-0066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Corsello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilda","family":"Gizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Pediatric Department, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, 16100 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Lancieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Pediatric Department, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, 16100 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3594-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Diana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Pediatric Department, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, 16100 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1147-0126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Trucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Pediatric Department, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, 16100 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5256-6573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Department, AOUP Santa Chiara Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7457-2779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Bonuccelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Department, AOUP Santa Chiara Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0234-1373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Giampietro","family":"Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Department, AOUP Santa Chiara Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8630-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Perilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Paediatrics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edvige","family":"Correnti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit\u2014ISMEP, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital\u2014ARNAS Civico, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit\u2014ISMEP, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital\u2014ARNAS Civico, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Striano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Pediatric Department, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, 16100 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6149-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Raieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit\u2014ISMEP, \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital\u2014ARNAS Civico, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000846","article-title":"The association of Behcet\u2019s syndrome with HLA-B51 as understood in 2021","volume":"34","author":"Takeno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20334","article-title":"Involvement of chemokines and Th1 cytokines in the pathogenesis of mucocutaneous lesions of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"50","author":"Houman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1076\/ocii.12.1.53.28062","article-title":"The demonstration of serum interleukin 6\u20138, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, complement, and immunoglobulin levels in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease with ocular involvement","volume":"12","author":"Bardak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1997.38.6.444","article-title":"Streptococcal infection in the pathogenesis of Beh\u00c7et\u2019s disease and clinical effects of minocycline on the disease symptoms","volume":"38","author":"Kaneko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2006.02330.x","article-title":"Detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in the lesional skin of patients with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Baskan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew486","article-title":"Exploring the variability in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease prevalence: A meta-analytical approach","volume":"57","author":"Maldini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108381","article-title":"Juvenile-onset Behcet\u2019s syndrome and mimics","volume":"214","author":"Pain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08809-2","article-title":"Clinical Manifestations and Management of Pediatric Behcet\u2019s Disease","volume":"61","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3187-z","article-title":"Paediatric Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: A UK tertiary centre experience","volume":"35","author":"Nanthapisal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208491","article-title":"Consensus classification criteria for paediatric Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease from a prospective observational cohort: PEDBD","volume":"75","author":"Shahram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318238edeb","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of pediatric-onset neuro-Beh\u00e7et disease","volume":"77","author":"Uluduz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01541-0","article-title":"Primary headache epidemiology in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Onofri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2014.01.009","article-title":"Primary headaches in pediatric patients with chronic rheumatic disease","volume":"36","author":"Uluduz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0070-z","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease in children, an overview","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Tintinalli, J.E., Ma, O., Yealy, D.M., Meckler, G.D., Stapczynski, J., Cline, D.M., and Thomas, S.H. (2020). Headache in Children. Tintinalli\u2019s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 9e, McGraw-Hill Education. Available online: https:\/\/accessmedicine.mhmedical.com\/content.aspx?bookid=2353&sectionid=220290977."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Bajwa, Z.H., Wootton, R., and Warfield, C.A. (2016). Pathophysiology of Headaches. Principles and Practice of Pain Medicine, 3e, McGraw-Hill Education. Available online: https:\/\/accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com\/content.aspx?bookid=1845&sectionid=133686257."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ustianowska, K., Ustianowski, \u0141., Machaj, F., Gor\u0105cy, A., Rosik, J., Szostak, B., Szostak, J., and Pawlik, A. (2022). The Role of the Human Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Pain. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113267"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-024-01228-4","article-title":"Influences of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Chronic Migraine: A Narrative Review","volume":"28","author":"Yeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00468.x","article-title":"Noise as a Trigger for Headaches: Relationship between Exposure and Sensitivity","volume":"46","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Headache J. Head Face Pain"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Al Khalili, Y., Asuncion, R.M.D., and Chopra, P. (2024). Migraine Headache in Childhood. 2023 Mar 4. StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188874","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2188874","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulates visceral sensitivity through calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) production","volume":"15","author":"Pujo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapp\u00e9ter, \u00c1., Sipos, D., Varga, A., Vigv\u00e1ri, S., Halda-Kiss, B., and P\u00e9terfi, Z. (2023). Migraine as a Disease Associated with Dysbiosis and Possible Therapy with Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11082083"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00594","article-title":"Impact of Puberty in Girls on Prevalence of Primary Headache Disorder Among Female Schoolchildren in Kuwait","volume":"11","author":"Alashqar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., Kim, K.-R., and Lee, W. (2024). Exploring the link between pediatric headaches and environmental noise exposure. BMC Pediatr., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-04490-4"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420902228","article-title":"HLA class I alleles are associated with clinic-based migraine and increased risks of chronic migraine and medication overuse","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160202","article-title":"The neurobiology of vascular head pain","volume":"16","author":"Moskowitz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05160.x","article-title":"Headache in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Saip","year":"2005","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2721-4","article-title":"Headache in Behcet\u2019s disease: Types and characteristics","volume":"5","author":"Moghaddassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.01017.x","article-title":"Headache in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease","volume":"26","author":"Aykutlu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"381","article-title":"Isolated neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease in a child, from headache to diagnosis: A case report","volume":"49","author":"Ten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dicle T\u0131p Derg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.07.026","article-title":"Neuro-Beh\u00e7et syndrome present\u0131ng as acute meningeal syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Kara","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1588","article-title":"Neuro-Beh\u00e7et is a rare disease but should be considered in all kinds of neurological findings, even in childhood","volume":"40","author":"Toker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1269909","article-title":"Neurological Involvement in Paediatric Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease","volume":"41","author":"Mikaeloff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2011.03343.x","article-title":"Secondary frosted branch angiitis in Neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease with serous macular detachment","volume":"53","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-815826","article-title":"MRI Findings in Pediatric Neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease","volume":"35","author":"Saltik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-820995","article-title":"Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and Mucocutaneous Ulcerations","volume":"35","author":"Lackmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.9.1096","article-title":"Paediatric neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease presenting with optic nerve head swelling","volume":"83","author":"Mitra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Brain perfusion spect in juvenile neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"42","author":"Vignola","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"77","article-title":"Patient-driven assessment of disease activity in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome: Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome Activity Score","volume":"31","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"S165","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of paediatric neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: A single tertiary centre experience","volume":"32","author":"Cakar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.01.009","article-title":"Juvenile Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: Highlighting neuropsychiatric manifestations and putative genetic mechanisms","volume":"109","author":"Panicker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2006.02.003","article-title":"Neuro-Beh\u00e7et disease presenting as secondary pseudotumor syndrome: Case report","volume":"10","author":"Can","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-38186","article-title":"Cerebral sinus thrombosis in Beh\u00e7et disease: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"220","author":"Chaloupka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Klin. Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkd."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(02)00096-9","article-title":"Neurological signs revealing a Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: Two pediatric cases","volume":"9","author":"Budin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510100071012","article-title":"Papilledema in Behcet\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Pamir","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48382-3_77","article-title":"Adamantiades-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease and elevated intracranial pressure in a 12 year old Turkish girl","volume":"528","author":"Neudorf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Yin, W., Liu, S., Wang, S., and Ding, Y. (2023). Diagnosis and management of Neuro-Beh\u00e7et disease with isolated intracranial hypertension: A case report and literature review. BMC Neurol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03392-3"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"808","article-title":"2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Hatemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santangelo, A., Corsello, A., Spolidoro, G.C.I., Trovato, C.M., Agostoni, C., Orsini, A., Milani, G.P., and Peroni, D.G. (2023). The Influence of Ketogenic Diet on Gut Microbiota: Potential Benefits, Risks and Indications. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15173680"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"2093","article-title":"Microbiome and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: A systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Joubert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14453","article-title":"An exploratory study evaluating the 30 medications most commonly associated with headaches in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System","volume":"63","author":"Musialowicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Headache J. Head Face Pain"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920214","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.920214","article-title":"The Clinical Impact of Methotrexate-Induced Stroke-Like Neurotoxicity in Paediatric Departments: An Italian Multi-Centre Case-Series","volume":"13","author":"Santangelo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40531","article-title":"Adalimumab-Based Treatment Versus Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs for Venous Thrombosis in Behcet\u2019s Syndrome: A Retrospective Study of Seventy Patients with Vascular Involvement","volume":"70","author":"Emmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-022-00548-5","article-title":"Treatment Options in Pediatric Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease","volume":"25","author":"Giani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90120-3","article-title":"Central nervous system symptoms in patients with Beh\u00e7et disease receiving cyclosporine therapy","volume":"106","author":"Kotake","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199427060-00005","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic drug interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"27","author":"Brouwers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12459","article-title":"Sleep quality in patients with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Yazmalar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04095.x","article-title":"Topiramate-Responsive Headache Due to Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Beh\u00e7et Syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Palacio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Headache J. Head Face Pain"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/13\/3659\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:03:06Z","timestamp":1760108586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/13\/3659"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13133659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13133659","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]}}}