{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:56:18Z","timestamp":1790279778004,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The best management of patients who suffer from traumatic brain injury (TBI) while on oral anticoagulants is one of the most disputed problems of emergency services. Indeed, guidelines, clinical decision rules, and observational studies addressing this topic are scarce and conflicting. Moreover, relevant issues such as the specific treatment (and even definition) of mild TBI, rate of delayed intracranial injury, indications for neurosurgery, and anticoagulant modulation are largely empiric. We reviewed the most recent evidence on these topics and explored other clinically relevant aspects, such as the promising role of dosing brain biomarkers, the strategies to assess the extent of anticoagulation, and the indications of reversals and tranexamic acid administration, in cases of mild TBI or as a bridge to neurosurgery. The appropriate timing of anticoagulant resumption was also discussed. Finally, we obtained an insight into the economic burden of TBI in patients on oral anticoagulants, and future directions on the management of this subpopulation of TBI patients were proposed. In this article, at the end of each section, a \u201ctake home message\u201d is stated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13133669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T06:59:58Z","timestamp":1719212398000},"page":"3669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients under Anticoagulant Therapy: Review of Management in Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vincenzo G.","family":"Menditto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Internal Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Santa Croce Hospital AST1 Pesaro Urbino, 61032 Fano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Sampaolesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Internal Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Buzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Internal Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3493-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pomponio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faul, M., Xu, L., Wald, M.M., and Coronado, V.G. 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