{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:15:59Z","timestamp":1793042159623,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Trigeminal schwannomas (TSs) are uncommon tumors found along any segment of the fifth cranial nerve (CN V). Typically located at the skull base, these benign tumors carry substantial morbidity due to the extent of traditional surgical methods. Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery such as the endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) presents promising new avenues for treatment, with the transorbital approach emerging as a potentially successful alternative. Methods: This review systematically assesses the application of the ETOA in treating TSs. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase were thoroughly searched for articles detailing the use of the ETOA in clinical case studies. The outcomes of interest encompassed epidemiological profiling, surgical results, and complication rates. Results: This study included 70 patients with TSs (from six studies), with 22 males (31.4%) and 58 females (68.6%). Patients averaged 55 years and were monitored for around 16.4 months (on average). In most tumors, the middle cranial fossa was involved to some degree. The majority (87.2%) were large (3\u20136 cm) and underwent gross total resection (GTR) or near-total resection in 87.2% of patients. Preoperatively, sensory alterations were common, along with proptosis, neuropathic pain, and diplopia. Postoperatively, complications included ptosis, diplopia, sensory impairment, corneal keratopathy, masticatory difficulty, and neuralgia. The pure ETOA was the primary surgical technique used in 90% of cases, with no recurrence observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Using the ETOA to treat TSs demonstrated an oncologic control rate of 87.2%. Postoperative complications including ptosis, diplopia, and sensory disturbances have been observed, but careful monitoring and management can mitigate these problems. The ETOA emerges as a viable surgical option, especially for tumors involving the middle cranial fossa, capable of adapting to individual patient needs and demonstrating efficacy in TS management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13133701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T12:46:56Z","timestamp":1719319616000},"page":"3701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Treating Trigeminal Schwannoma through a Transorbital Approach: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-6134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"De Simone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"},{"name":"BrainLab s.r.l., Mercato San Severino, 84085 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4467-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anis","family":"Choucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Aix Marseille University, APHM, UH Timone, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biomechanics and Application, UMRT24, Gustave Eiffel University, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Dannhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doo-Sik","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7304-6120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesare","family":"Zoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC of Neurosurgery, Ospedale Moriggia Pelascini, Gravedona e Uniti, 22015 Gravedona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6924-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Iaconetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, University Hospital \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi, D\u2019Aragona\u201d, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1993.tb01246.x","article-title":"Plexiform and other unusual variants of palisaded encapsulated neuroma","volume":"20","author":"Argenyi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.4.1072","article-title":"Schwannomatosis: A clinical and pathologic study","volume":"46","author":"MacCollin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Greene, J., and Al-Dhahir, M.A. (2024). Acoustic Neuroma. 2023 Aug 17. 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