{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:24:22Z","timestamp":1792110262098,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thrombosis of retinal veins is one of the most common retinal vascular diseases that may lead to vascular blindness. The latest epidemiological data leave no illusions that the burden on the healthcare system, as impacted by patients with this diagnosis, will increase worldwide. This obliges scientists to search for new therapeutic and diagnostic options. In the 21st century, there has been tremendous progress in retinal imaging techniques, which has facilitated a better understanding of the mechanisms related to the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its complications, and consequently has enabled the introduction of new treatment methods. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to assist in selecting the best treatment option for patients in the near future. The aim of this comprehensive review is to re-evaluate the old but still relevant data on the RVO and confront them with new studies. The paper will provide a detailed overview of diagnosis, current treatment, prevention, and future therapeutic possibilities regarding RVO, as well as clarifying the mechanism of macular edema in this disease entity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13133950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T12:30:59Z","timestamp":1720182659000},"page":"3950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Retinal Vein Occlusion\u2013Background Knowledge and Foreground Knowledge Prospects\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maja","family":"Lendzioszek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Voivodship Hospital, 18-400 Lomza, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1466-8426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bryl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Poppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Voivodship Hospital, 18-400 Lomza, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2640-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Zorena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, D\u0119binki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4296-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Mrugacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010427","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.010427","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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