{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T17:09:43Z","timestamp":1788800983441,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This systematic review was designed to summarize randomized controlled trials of intra-articular administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for temporomandibular disorders. Methods: Randomized controlled trials regarding intra-articular injections of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for temporomandibular disorders were included in the review. The final search was conducted on 16 June 2024 in the Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Results: Of the 173 identified studies, 6 were eligible for review. In trials comparing arthrocentesis alone to arthrocentesis with NSAIDs, slight differences in joint pain were noted. For tenoxicam, differences were under 1 point on a 0\u201310 scale after 4 weeks, with inconsistent results. Piroxicam showed no significant difference, and pain levels were minimal in both groups. For maximum mouth opening (MMO), tenoxicam showed no significant difference. Piroxicam increased MMO by nearly 5 mm, based on one small trial with bias concerns. Conclusions: Currently, there is no strong scientific evidence supporting the injection of NSAIDs into the temporomandibular joint to relieve pain or increase jaw movement. Preliminary reports on piroxicam with arthrocentesis and tenoxicam or diclofenac without rinsing justify further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T11:33:22Z","timestamp":1720697602000},"page":"4056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Administered Intra-Articularly in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4985-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Bli\u017aniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6199-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5113-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6758-5450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Lubecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4968-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Hospital in Kielce, ul. Grunwaldzka 45, 25-736 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Szuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4497-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Chlubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3348-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04187-8","article-title":"Looking at NSAIDs from a Historical Perspective and Their Current Status in Drug Repurposing for Cancer Treatment and Prevention","volume":"149","author":"Ozleyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"CD011459","article-title":"Aspirin and Other Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for the Prevention of Dementia","volume":"2020","author":"Jordan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.460","article-title":"The Role of COX Expression in the Prognostication of Overall Survival of Canine and Feline Cancer: A Systematic Review","volume":"7","author":"Pires","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s13193-022-01547-1","article-title":"Effects of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors on Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232596712091284","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120912841","article-title":"Effects of Antiplatelet and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications on Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Frey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, L., Yang, T., Yang, K., Yu, G., Li, J., Xiang, W., and Chen, H. (2022). Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin and Curcuma Longa Extract in the Treatment of Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.891822"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bay-Richter, C., and Wegener, G. (2022). Antidepressant Effects of NSAIDs in Rodent Models of Depression\u2014A Systematic Review. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.909981"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuczy\u0144ska, J., and Nieradko-Iwanicka, B. (2021). Future Prospects of Ketoprofen in Improving the Safety of the Gastric Mucosa. Biomed. Pharmacother., 139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111608"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dominiak, M., G\u0119dek, A., Sikorska, M., Mierzejewski, P., Wojnar, M., and Antosik-W\u00f3jci\u0144ska, A.Z. (2022). Acetylsalicylic Acid and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16010067"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, T., Liu, C.-J., Yin, X., Tang, W., Yin, L., Bai, H., Liu, F., Wang, D., and Li, Y. (2023). Selective COX-2 Inhibitors Do Not Increase Gastrointestinal Reactions after Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Gastroenterol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-02918-w"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"CD013588","article-title":"Interventions for Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in Preterm Infants: An Overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews","volume":"2023","author":"Mitra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan, J., Ren, Y., Zhu, Z., Xia, L., and Lu, N. (2017). How to Select Patients and Timing for Rectal Indomethacin to Prevent Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Gastroenterol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-017-0599-4"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10781","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2022.10781","article-title":"Pharmacological Treatment of Presbyopia: A Systematic Review","volume":"32","author":"Haghpanah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103217","article-title":"Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Literature Review of Preventive Strategies in at-Risk Individuals","volume":"22","author":"Frazzei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam, M.A., Khandker, S.S., Kotyla, P.J., and Hassan, R. (2020). Immunomodulatory Effects of Diet and Nutrients in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Systematic Review. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01477"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"348","article-title":"Use of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Dermatomyositis: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"41","author":"Paik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02536-5","article-title":"An Update on Targeted Therapies in Systemic Sclerosis Based on a Systematic Review from the Last 3 Years","volume":"23","author":"Campochiaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-023-01885-1","article-title":"Lipid Profiles in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, H.-M., Zhao, G.-F., Lin, T., Zhang, X.-X., Li, X.-Y., Lin, J.-F., Zhao, S.-Q., and Pan, Z.-J. (2020). Intra-Articular Steroid Injection for Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BioMed Res. Int., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6320154"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Turosz, N., Brzozowska, A., Chlubek, D., and Sikora, M. (2023). Current Clinical Research Directions on Temporomandibular Joint Intra-Articular Injections: A Mapping Review. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144655"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhim, H.C., Ruiz, J., Taseh, A., Afunugo, W., Crockett, Z., Schon, J., Pan, X., Shin, J., Schowalter, S., and Jang, K.-M. (2024). Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Injections versus Steroid Injections in the Management of Upper and Lower Extremity Orthopedic Conditions: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13041132"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12759","article-title":"Prevalence and Treatment Strategies Regarding Temporomandibular Disorders in Children and Adolescents\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"46","author":"Christidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03710-w","article-title":"Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Valesan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.2386","article-title":"Prevalence and Overlaps of Headaches and Pain-Related Temporomandibular Disorders Among the Polish Urban Population","volume":"34","author":"Wieckiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral. Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2013.878390","article-title":"Prevalence of Temporomandibular Dysfunction and Pain in Adult General Practice Patients","volume":"72","author":"Stenvinkel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Health Care Services, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs): From Research Discoveries to Clinical Treatment, Yost, O., Liverman, C.T., English, R., Mackey, S., and Bond, E.C. (2020). Prevalence, Impact, and Costs of Treatment for Temporomandibular Disorders. Temporomandibular Disorders: Priorities for Research and Care, National Academies Press (US)."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2022.12.013","article-title":"Occlusal Splints-Types and Effectiveness in Temporomandibular Disorder Management","volume":"35","author":"Albagieh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cr\u0103ciun, M.D., Geman, O., Leuciuc, F.V., Holubiac, I.\u015e., Gheorghi\u0163\u0103, D., and Filip, F. (2022). Effectiveness of Physiotherapy in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction and the Relationship with Cervical Spine. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10112962"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wroclawski, C., Mediratta, J.K., and Fillmore, W.J. (2023). Recent Advances in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202307.0387.v1"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siewert-Gutowska, M., Pokrowiecki, R., Kami\u0144ski, A., Zawadzki, P., and Stopa, Z. (2023). State of the Art in Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis\u2014A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134439"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Nowak, Z., and Chlubek, D. (2021). Variants and Modifications of the Retroauricular Approach Using in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102049"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Nowak, Z., Sikora, M., and Chlubek, D. (2022). Treatment of Mandibular Hypomobility by Injections into the Temporomandibular Joints: A Systematic Review of the Substances Used. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092305"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"149","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-up of Intra-Articular Injections into the Temporomandibular Joint in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"26","author":"Vallon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Swed. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"e351","article-title":"A Comparison of the Effects of Methylprednisolone Acetate, Sodium Hyaluronate and Tenoxicam in the Treatment of Non-Reducing Disc Displacement of the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"23","author":"Ogul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"149","article-title":"Comparison of Morphine and Diclofenac Intra-Articular Injection in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"1","author":"Raiesian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regen. Reconstr. Restor."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"e34580","article-title":"Role of Intra-Articular Piroxicam in the Temporomandibular Joint after Arthrocentesis for Anterior Disc Displacement without Reduction","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayramoglu, Z., Yavuz, G.Y., Keskinruzgar, A., Koparal, M., and Kaya, G.S. (2023). Does Intra-Articular Injection of Tenoxicam after Arthrocentesis Heal Outcomes of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis? A Randomized Clinical Trial. BMC Oral Health, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02852-z"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.01.041","article-title":"A Comparative Study on the Impact of Intra-Articular Injections of Hyaluronic Acid, Tenoxicam and Betametazon on the Relief of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Complaints","volume":"42","author":"Gencer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.02.010","article-title":"Intra-Articular Injection of Tenoxicam Following Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis: A Pilot Study","volume":"39","author":"Aktas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"CD001505","article-title":"Oral Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Therapy for Lung Disease in Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"2019","author":"Lands","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814564533","article-title":"Impact of Nonaspirin Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents and Acetaminophen on Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review","volume":"152","author":"Kyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol.-Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20578","article-title":"Association of Aspirin Use for Primary Prevention with Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"321","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004587","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004587","article-title":"Corticosteroids and Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Narum","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1830","article-title":"Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline (CPIC) for CYP2C9 and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs","volume":"108","author":"Theken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"15","article-title":"Ro 12-0068 (Tenoxicam) in the Treatment of Extra-Articular Inflammatory Processes","volume":"8","author":"Fiszman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur. J. Rheumatol. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"538","article-title":"A Comparison of Tenoxicam and Piroxicam in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Atkinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"9","article-title":"Rectal Administration of Tenoxicam for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Arthrosis","volume":"8","author":"Fiszman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur. J. Rheumatol. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5152\/TJAR.2021.1422","article-title":"Effectiveness of Different Doses of Tenoxicam in Preventing Propofol Injection Pain","volume":"50","author":"Miniksar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk. J. Anaesthesiol. Reanim."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2018.12.010","article-title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Oxaceprol in the Management of Osteoarthritis: An Evidence from Randomized Parallel-Group Controlled Trials","volume":"71","author":"Durg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098043","article-title":"Relative Efficacy and Safety of Topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials and Observational Studies","volume":"52","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B8.37420","article-title":"Intra-Articular Steroid Injection for Osteoarthritis of the Hip Prior to Total Hip Arthroplasty: Is It Safe? A Systematic Review","volume":"98-B","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/jhps\/hnab064","article-title":"Safety of Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injection Preceding Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis amid Resolving COVID-19 Arthroplasty Restrictions","volume":"8","author":"Cheok","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hip Preserv. Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12628","article-title":"Effects of Food on Pharmacokinetics of Immediate Release Oral Formulations of Aspirin, Dipyrone, Paracetamol and NSAIDs\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"80","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharma"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.ijp_1147_20","article-title":"Role of Intravenous Aspirin versus Oral Aspirin in the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Answering a Clinical Query by Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"55","author":"Kaur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lubecka, K., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Bli\u017aniak, F., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Turosz, N., Michcik, A., Chlubek, D., and Sikora, M. (2023). Intra-Articular Local Anesthetics in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13010106"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"48","article-title":"Adverse Events of Intra-Articular Temporomandibular Joint Injections: A Systematic Search and Review","volume":"69","author":"Turosz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pomeranian J. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S118145","article-title":"Increased Localized Delivery of Piroxicam by Cationic Nanoparticles after Intra-Articular Injection","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.55519\/JAMC-01-8924","article-title":"Intra-Articular Piroxicam and Triamcinolone in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis; Elevation and Comparison of Chondroprotective Efficacy","volume":"34","author":"Ishaq","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2014.037","article-title":"Comparison of Piroxicam Pharmacokinetics and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Rats after Intra-Articular and Intramuscular Administration","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., and Chlubek, D. (2021). Retro-Auricular Approach to the Fractures of the Mandibular Condyle: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020230"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Bli\u017aniak, F., Lubecka, K., Turosz, N., R\u0105palska, I., Michcik, A., Chlubek, D., and Sikora, M. (2024). Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Replacement Affects Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Clinical Trials. Appl. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/app14072912"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, Y., Zhou, Y., Ding, R., Zou, L., Zhang, H., Wei, X., and He, D. (2023). Intra-Articular Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis by Injecting Actively-Loaded Meloxicam Liposomes with Dual-Functions of Anti-Inflammation and Lubrication. Mater. Today Bio, 19.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100573"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4808513","article-title":"A Clinical Approach to Temporomandibular Disorders. 5. A Clinical Approach to Treatment","volume":"177","author":"Gray","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0915-6992(03)80027-4","article-title":"Primary Treatment for Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint by Combination Therapy of Arthrocentesis, Mouth Opening Exercises, and a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Regimen","volume":"15","author":"Ishida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asian J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.08.006","article-title":"Role of Intra-Articular Ozone Gas Injection in the Management of Internal Derangement of the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"113","author":"Daif","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)81355-4","article-title":"The Role of Arthrocentesis and in Traarticular Tenoxicam Injection in Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"34","author":"Aktas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04241-8","article-title":"Hyaluronan Injection versus Oral Glucosamine and Diclofenac in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis","volume":"26","author":"Cen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Tran, K., and Loshak, H. (2019). Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid for Viscosupplementation in Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Shoulder, and Temporomandibular Joint: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Safety, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. CADTH Rapid Response Reports."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.06.010","article-title":"The next Step in the Treatment of Persistent Temporomandibular Joint Pain Following Arthrocentesis: A Retrospective Study of 18 Cases","volume":"42","author":"Emes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80038-4","article-title":"Use of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction\u2014A Preliminary Study","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"820","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory agents in dentistry","volume":"83","author":"Lorber","year":"1974","journal-title":"ZWR"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dammling, C., Abramowicz, S., and Kinard, B. (2022). The Use of Pharmacologic Agents in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder. Front. Oral Maxillofac. Med., 4.","DOI":"10.21037\/fomm-20-37"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/14\/4056\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:13:16Z","timestamp":1760109196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/14\/4056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13144056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13144056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]}}}