{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:04:17Z","timestamp":1792202657797,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) refers to spinal deformities that develop and are diagnosed before the age of 10. The most important goals of the surgical treatment of EOS are to stop the progression of curvature, achieve the best possible correction, preserve motion, and facilitate spinal growth. The objectives of this multicenter study were to analyze the risk of complications among patients with EOS treated using magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) and assess the patients\u2019 and their parents\u2019 quality of life after diagnosis and treatment with a minimum two-year follow-up. Methods: Patients given an ineffective nonoperative treatment qualified for surgery with MCGRs. This study involved 161 patients (90 females and 71 males) who were classified according to the etiology of curvature. The intraoperative and postoperative complications and those that occurred during the continuation of treatment with MCGRs were recorded and analyzed. The 24-item Early-Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) was used to evaluate the patients\u2019 quality of life and satisfaction with the treatment. Results: Implant-related complications requiring instrumentation revision were recorded in 26% of the patients. Medical complications occurred in 45% of the population. The EOSQ-24 revealed a significant improvement in the average scores during the follow-up. Conclusions: The treatment of early-onset scoliosis with MCGRs carries 66% risks of incurring medical and mechanical complications, the latter 26% of patients requiring revision procedures. Children with neuromuscular scoliosis, females, and with curvature greater than 90 degrees are at a higher risk of developing complications. Limiting the number of elective surgeries necessitated to prolong the instrumentation and treatment process for patients with MCGRs can greatly enhance their quality of life and satisfaction throughout the follow-up period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T15:59:48Z","timestamp":1720713588000},"page":"4068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Complications and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Various Etiologies of Early-Onset Scoliosis Treated with Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods\u2014A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pawel","family":"Glowka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopaedics, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 r. Street, no. 135\/147, 61-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7059-2935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel","family":"Grabala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Children\u2019s Hospital, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Paley European Institute, Al. Rzeczypospolitej 1, 02-972 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4711-4377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munish C.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6356-9830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7919-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Latalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, Medical University of Lublin, Gebali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0884-7498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Danielewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, Medical University of Lublin, Gebali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Grabala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Clinical Department of General and Gastroenterogical Surgery, The Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Tomaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopaedics, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 r. Street, no. 135\/147, 61-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kotwicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopaedics, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 r. Street, no. 135\/147, 61-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.09.72","article-title":"Standard and magnetically controlled growing rods for the treatment of early onset scoliosis","volume":"8","author":"Helenius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001351","article-title":"The Natural History of Early-onset Scoliosis","volume":"39","author":"Karol","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. 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