{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:27:34Z","timestamp":1761157654491,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating, chronic inflammatory disease associated with multiple triggers. As the world struggles with the global COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to review the trigger factors for chronically ill HS patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work investigates the self-described trigger factors of HS patients that emerged during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: We anonymously surveyed 110 HS patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using a 25-question questionnaire that included trigger factors for deterioration. Demographic, personal, and HS-specific information was also collected to identify potential trigger factors for HS exacerbation. All HS patients were asked if their HS had worsened compared to the time before the pandemic. Results: Compared to before the pandemic, 20% of HS patients (n = 22) reported a worsening of HS. Patients with an HS exacerbation were significantly more likely to avoid contact with a doctor than those without an exacerbation (45.5% vs. 18.2%; p = 0.007). HS involvement, severity, exercise activity, and BMI had no association with worsening HS (p &gt; 0.05). Interestingly, dietary changes and increased consumption of sweets and treats were associated with worsening HS (p = 0.011 and p = 0.013). Specifically, eating more sweets and treats was associated with a 6-fold increased risk of worsening HS. The results suggest that diet has an important influence on HS relapses. Further investigation is needed to determine whether diet is a triggering factor independent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In addition, gluteal HS involvement was associated with a more than 4.3-fold risk of HS exacerbation. Conclusions: In the management of HS patients, it is important to consider that gluteal involvement and the consumption of sweets are more often associated with deterioration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T08:16:57Z","timestamp":1720772217000},"page":"4074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hidradenitis Suppurativa in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Investigation of Trigger Factors in a Single Center"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Scholl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nessr","family":"Abu Rached","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eggert","family":"Stockfleth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Ocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Stranzenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Garcovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Outpatient Service Cersid, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6547-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Schapoor","family":"Hessam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Falk G.","family":"Bechara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"},{"name":"Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.07.054","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"73","author":"Gooderham","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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