{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:15:23Z","timestamp":1781525723082,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The influence of gender on both early and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is not clearly defined. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of gender on early and long-term mortality after CABG using data from the KROK Registry. Methods: All 133,973 adult patients who underwent CABG in Poland between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019 were included in the Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgical Procedures (KROK Registry). The study enrolled 90,541 patients: 68,401 men (75.55%) and 22,140 women (24.45%) who met the inclusion criteria. Then, 30-day mortality, 1-year mortality, and long-term mortality rates were compared. Results: Advanced age, higher Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, body mass index BMI &gt; 35 kg\/m2, and renal failure, before the propensity matching, were more frequently observed in women. Women more frequently underwent urgent surgery, including single and double graft surgery, and off-pump CABG (OPCAB) (p &lt; 0.001). In propensity-matched groups, early mortality (30 days) was significantly higher in women (3.4% versus 2.8%, p &lt; 0.001). The annual mortality remained higher in this group (6.6% versus 6.0%, p = 0.025). However, long-term mortality differed significantly between the groups and was higher in the male group (33.0% men versus 28.8% women, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: There are no apparent differences in long-term mortality between the two sexes in the entire population. In propensity-matched patients, early mortality was lower for men, but the long-term survival was found to be better in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T11:28:03Z","timestamp":1720783683000},"page":"4080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gender Differences in Survival after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting\u201413-Year Results from KROK Registry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Hirnle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Stankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3380-2511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Mitrosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sleiman Sebastian","family":"Aboul-Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2174-1321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Deja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Rogowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romuald","family":"Cicho\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lower Silesian Center for Heart Diseases \u2018Medinet\u2019, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lech","family":"Anisimowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Dr Antoni Jurasz Memorial University Hospital, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Bugajski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, J. Stru\u015b Hospital, 61-285 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zdzis\u0142aw","family":"Tobota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 01-210 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bohdan","family":"Maruszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 01-210 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Hrapkowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vascular Surgery and Transplantology, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab504","article-title":"Sex differences in outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: A pooled analysis of individual patient data","volume":"43","author":"Gaudino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. 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