{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T11:56:21Z","timestamp":1772798181205,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are autoimmune diseases that attack the central nervous system (CNS) and the neuromuscular junction, respectively. As the common pathogenesis of both diseases is associated with an autoimmune background and the involvement of T and B lymphocytes, the overlapping of selected clinical symptoms may cause difficulties in the differential diagnosis of both diseases. Methods: The aim of the study was to use Liquid Chromatography\u2013Electrospray Ionization\u2013Mass Spectrometry (LC\u2013ESI\u2013MS\/MS) in conjunction with multivariate statistical analyses to examine the changes in amino acid metabolic profiles between patients with MG, MS, and a control group. Results: Comparative analysis of amino acids (AA) between patients with MG, MS, and within the control group allowed for the identification of statistically significant differences in the amino acid profile. Comparing the patients (patients with MS and MG) with the control group, and after taking the results of multiple tests into account, it was observed that amino acids such as ARG, PRO, TRP, CIT were significantly different between the groups. When considering the comparison between the AA concentrations in MS and MG patients, we found three AAs that were significantly different in the MS and MG groups, after correcting for multiple testing (CIT, GABA, and AAA). Higher concentrations of amino acids that showed significant differences were observed in patients with myasthenia gravis. Conclusions: Our results have indicated AAs that may prove valuable for improving the diagnostics of MS and MG patients. To better assess the potential utility of these markers, their performance requires further validation in a larger study group and limitation of possible confounding factors, e.g., medications and diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T11:28:03Z","timestamp":1720783683000},"page":"4083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Serum Amino Acid Profiles in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0684-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Ko\u015bli\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2995-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Rzepi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Sanitas\u2014Neurology Outpatient Clinic, 85-010 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0623-1443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Koba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zdzis\u0142aw","family":"Maciejek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Sanitas\u2014Neurology Outpatient Clinic, 85-010 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Kowalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, 78-449 Borne Sulinowo, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Daghir-Wojtkowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02605-9","article-title":"The Role of the Adaptive Immune System and T Cell Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"19","author":"DeMaio","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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