{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:09:56Z","timestamp":1781150996570,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic wounds pose a significant clinical challenge due to their complex pathophysiology and the burden of long-term management. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic option in managing difficult wounds, although comprehensive data on their use in wound care are lacking. This study aimed to explore existing scientific knowledge of mAbs in treating chronic wounds based on a rationale of direct inhibition of the main molecules involved in the underlying inflammatory pathophysiology. We performed a literature review excluding primary inflammatory conditions with potential ulcerative outcomes (e.g., hidradenitis suppurativa). mAbs were effective in treating wounds from 16 different etiologies. The most commonly treated conditions were pyoderma gangrenosum (treated with 12 different mAbs), lipoid necrobiosis, and cutaneous vasculitis (each treated with 3 different mAbs). Fourteen mAbs were analyzed in total. Rituximab was effective in 43.75% of cases (7\/16 diseases), followed by tocilizumab (25%, 4\/16 diseases), and both etanercept and adalimumab (18.75%, 3\/16 conditions each). mAbs offer therapeutic potential for chronic wounds unresponsive to standard treatments. However, due to the complex molecular nature of wound healing, no single target molecule can be identified. Therefore, the use of mAbs should be considered as a translational approach for limited cases of multi-resistant conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T14:04:35Z","timestamp":1720793075000},"page":"4089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Monoclonal Antibodies in the Management of Inflammation in Wound Healing: An Updated Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Flavia","family":"Manzo Margiotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Health Science, Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Michelucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Health Science, Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Fidanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, Hospital of Carrara, 54033 Carrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6788-3253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giammarco","family":"Granieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Salvia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8840-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Bevilacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Janowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Dini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Romanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-017-4010-8","article-title":"Chronisches Ulcus cruris [Chronic leg ulcers]","volume":"68","author":"Dissemond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690040093015","article-title":"Definitions and guidelines for assessment of wounds and evaluation of healing","volume":"130","author":"Lazarus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. 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