{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:40:53Z","timestamp":1790023253405,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AstraZeneca"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: Our aims were to describe the clinical characteristics, adverse clinical events, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs of patients with major bleeding during direct Factor Xa inhibitor (FXai) use. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that included secondary data from computerized health records of seven Spanish Autonomous Communities. Patients with a first major bleeding during treatment with a direct FXai were analyzed during a 3-year period. Results: Of 8972 patients taking a direct FXai, 470 (5.24%) had major bleeding (mean age (SD) 77.93 (9.71) years, 61.06% women). The most frequent indications for using FXais were atrial fibrillation (78.09%) and venous thromboembolism (17.66%). Among those with major bleeding, 88.94% presented with gastrointestinal bleeding, 6.81% intracranial bleeding, 2.13% trauma-related bleeding and 4.26% other major bleeding. Prothrombin complex concentrates were used in 63.19%, followed by transfusion of blood products (20.21%) and Factor VIIa (7.66%). In total, 4.26% of patients died in the hospital due to the first major bleeding. At the study end (after 3-year follow-up), 28.94% of the patients had died, 12.34% had a myocardial infarction and 9.15% an ischemic stroke. At year 3, overall bleeding cost was EUR 5,816,930.5, of which 79.74% accounted for in-hospital costs to treat the bleeding episode. Conclusions: Despite the use of replacement agents being high, major events were common, with a 29% mortality at the end of the follow up, and HCRU and costs were high, evidencing the need for new reversal treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T14:45:53Z","timestamp":1721659553000},"page":"4253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical and Economic Consequences of a First Major Bleeding Event in Patients Treated with Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors in Spain: A Long-Term Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5584-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Escobar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0089-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, 28050 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Villarreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, 28050 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1882-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, 28050 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Capel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioPharmaceuticals Corporate Affairs & Market Access, AstraZeneca, 28050 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unai","family":"Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical Affairs, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrys Health, 28002 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrys Health, 28002 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2455-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Lled\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrys Health, 28002 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7464-6101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan F.","family":"Arenillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario, 47003 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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