{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T13:57:39Z","timestamp":1782482259392,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Chronic systemic inflammation is a risk factor that increases the development of atherosclerosis and predisposes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The systemic inflammatory profile of alopecia areata (AA) regarding IFN\u03b3 and Th1 cytokine dysregulation has previously been described, suggesting an increased incidence of CVDs in this population. No previous studies investigated the possible relationship between atherosclerosis and AA by cardiovascular imaging techniques. To determine the prevalence, distribution and burden of subclinical atherosclerosis in AA. Methods: We conducted a case\u2013control study in 62 participants, including 31 patients with severe AA (SALT &gt; 75) and 31 healthy controls, matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). The participants underwent a detailed history assessment and were subjected to the measurement of weight, height, abdominal circumference and blood pressure. A fasting blood sample was also collected. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by ultrasonography of the bilateral femoral and carotid arteries. Results: The AA patients had an increased prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis (54.7%) compared to the healthy controls (22.6%, p = 0.010). The prevalence of atheroma plaques was significantly higher in the carotid arteries (41.90% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.009), while no significant differences were found in femoral plaque prevalence. The AA patients with atherosclerotic plaques were older (p &lt; 0.001) and had a longer time since AA diagnosis (p = 0.11) and increased serum levels of glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.029) and triglycerides (p = 0.009). In a regression analysis, duration of disease and neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio were the main predictors of atherosclerosis. Conclusions: AA patients have an increased prevalence of carotid subclinical atherosclerosis. The duration of AA, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance appear to play a role in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T14:45:53Z","timestamp":1721659553000},"page":"4264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Alopecia Areata: Usefulness of Arterial Ultrasound for Disease Diagnosis and Analysis of Its Relationship with Cardiometabolic Parameters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4517-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Burgos-Blasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Gonzalez-Cantero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Hermosa-Gelbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Cahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Buend\u00eda-Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-5421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Berna-Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5587-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlota","family":"Abbad-Jaime de Arag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Va\u00f1\u00f3-Galv\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n, 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6315-5462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Saceda-Corralo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar Viejo km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n, 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.04.1141","article-title":"Alopecia areata: Disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis","volume":"78","author":"Strazzulla","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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