{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:36:59Z","timestamp":1790735819949,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs) are life-threatening and require emergent surgical therapy. Endovascular aortic repair for rupture (rEVAR) has become the leading strategy due to its minimal invasive approach with expected lower morbidity and mortality, especially in patients presenting with hemodynamic instability and relevant comorbidities. Following rEVAR, intraoperative angiography or early postinterventional computed tomography angiography have to exclude early type 1 or 3 endoleaks requiring immediate reintervention. Persistent type 2 endoleaks (T2ELs) after rEVAR, in contrast to elective cases, can cause possibly lethal situations due to continuing extravascular blood loss through the remaining aortic aneurysm rupture site. Therefore, early identification of relevant persistent T2ELs associated with continuous bleeding and hemodynamic instability and immediate management is mandatory in the acute postoperative setting following rEVAR. Different techniques and concepts for the occlusion of T2ELs after rEVAR are available, and most of them are also used for relevant T2ELs after elective EVAR. In addition to various interventional embolization procedures for persistent T2ELs, some patients require open surgical occlusion of T2EL-feeding arteries, abdominal compartment decompression or direct surgical patch occlusion of the aneurysm rupture site after rEVAR. So far, in the acute situation of rAAAs, indications for preemptive or intraoperative T2EL embolization during rEVAR have not been established. In the long term, persistent T2ELs after rEVAR can lead to continuous aneurysm expansion with the possible development of secondary proximal type I endoleaks and an increased risk of re-rupture requiring regular follow-up and early consideration for reintervention. To date, only very few studies have investigated T2ELs after rEVAR or compared outcomes with those from elective EVAR regarding the special aspects of persisting T2ELs. This narrative review is intended to present the current knowledge on the incidence, natural history, relevance and strategies for T2EL management after rEVAR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T10:46:20Z","timestamp":1721817980000},"page":"4300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Expert-Based Review on the Relevance and Management of Type 2 Endoleaks Following Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3741-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Dueppers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Zurich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, CH-9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7156-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"D\u2019Oria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Lepidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Calvagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Clinical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0635-8591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Zurich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Zurich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.180","article-title":"Pathophysiology and epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms","volume":"8","author":"Nordon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2015.04.015","article-title":"Ruptured Aneurysm Trials: The Importance of Longer-term Outcomes and Meta-analysis for 1-year Mortality","volume":"50","author":"Sweeting","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv125","article-title":"Endovascular strategy or open repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: One-year outcomes from the IMPROVE randomized trial","volume":"36","author":"Investigators","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j4859","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4859","article-title":"Comparative clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of endovascular strategy v open repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: Three year results of the IMPROVE randomised trial","volume":"359","author":"Investigators","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149243","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/149243","article-title":"Open versus Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Elective and Emergent Setting in a Pooled Population of 37,781 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"2014","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISRN Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Oria, M., Lembo, R., Horer, T.M., Rasmussen, T., Mani, K., Parlani, G., Ierardi, A.M., Veraldi, G.F., Melloni, A., and Bonardelli, S. (2023). An International Expert-Based CONsensus on Indications and Techniques for aoRtic balloOn occLusion in the Management of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (CONTROL-RAAA). J. Endovasc. Ther.","DOI":"10.1177\/15266028231217233"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33425\/2689-1093.1026","article-title":"The Importance of Emergency Open Surgery for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in a Single Center Retrospective Study","volume":"2","author":"Dueppers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9101","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the early and late outcomes of open and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"100","author":"Stather","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.05.046","article-title":"Early and delayed rupture after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a 10-year multicenter registry","volume":"60","author":"Candell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-005-9382-z","article-title":"Clinical significance of type II endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"20","author":"Gelfand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"349","article-title":"Endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair: Current concepts","volume":"45","author":"Choke","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino)"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2016.10.092","article-title":"The incidence and fate of endoleaks vary between ruptured and elective endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair","volume":"65","author":"Quinn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"7439173","article-title":"Use of the AFX Stent Graft in Patients with Extremely Narrow Aortic Bifurcation: A Multicenter Retrospective Study","volume":"2021","author":"Wagenhauser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Vasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2019.04.048","article-title":"Natural History, Diagnosis, and Management of Type II Endoleaks after Endovascular Aortic Repair: Review and Update","volume":"62","author":"Mastrorilli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.10.044","article-title":"The Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines on the care of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"67","author":"Chaikof","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.09.020","article-title":"Editor\u2019s Choice\u2014European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2019 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Abdominal Aorto-iliac Artery Aneurysms","volume":"57","author":"Wanhainen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1177\/15266028221086476","article-title":"Relevance of Type II Endoleak After Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study","volume":"30","author":"Menges","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Endovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2016.04.063","article-title":"The natural history of type II endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"64","author":"Boniakowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3400\/avd.cr.15-00015","article-title":"Life-Saving Embolization in a Patient with Recurrent Shock Due to a Type II Endoleak after Endovascular Aortic Repair for a Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm","volume":"8","author":"Ogawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-014-0873-6","article-title":"Sac angiography and glue embolization in emergency endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"38","author":"Koike","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Intervent Radiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.01.021","article-title":"Treatment of an early type II endoleak causing hemorrhage after endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"45","author":"Hartung","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alushi, K., Hinterseher, I., Peters, F., Rother, U., Bischoff, M.S., Mylonas, S., Grambow, E., Gombert, A., Busch, A., and Gray, D. (2022). Distribution of Mobile Health Applications amongst Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease in Germany: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030498"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-004-0087-5","article-title":"Coagulopathy and hyperfibrinolysis in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair","volume":"18","author":"Adam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109701","article-title":"Dynamic CT perfusion imaging for type 2 endoleak assessment after endograft placement","volume":"139","author":"Charalambous","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.09.048","article-title":"Flow dynamics of type II endoleaks can determine sac expansion after endovascular aneurysm repair using four-dimensional flow-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging analysis","volume":"70","author":"Katahashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2022.01.144","article-title":"Long-term anticoagulation is associated with type II endoleaks and failure of sac regression after endovascular aneurysm repair","volume":"76","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.10.081","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome is associated with type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair","volume":"59","author":"Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2015.10.088","article-title":"Risk factors and consequences of persistent type II endoleaks","volume":"63","author":"Lo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-013-0646-7","article-title":"Anatomic risk factors for type-2 endoleak following EVAR: A retrospective review of preoperative CT angiography in 326 patients","volume":"37","author":"Ward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Intervent Radiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2013.04.006","article-title":"Preoperative relative abdominal aortic aneurysm thrombus burden predicts endoleak and sac enlargement after endovascular anerysm repair","volume":"27","author":"Sadek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"49","article-title":"Identification of predictive CT angiographic factors in the development of high-risk type 2 endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair in patients with infrarenal aortic aneurysms","volume":"187","author":"Lowenthal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3400\/avd.oa.14-00008","article-title":"CT Findings of Risk Factors for Persistent Type II Endoleak from Inferior Mesenteric Artery to Determine Indicators of Preoperative IMA Embolization","volume":"7","author":"Fukuda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2022.11.009","article-title":"Routine Inferior Mesenteric Artery Embolisation is Unnecessary Before Endovascular Aneurysm Repair","volume":"65","author":"Vaaramaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-006-9061-8","article-title":"Immediate endovascular treatment of an aortoiliac aneurysm ruptured into the inferior vena cava","volume":"20","author":"Kopp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"103","article-title":"Type II endoleak accompanied by an arteriovenous fistula between the inferior mesenteric artery and the inferior vena cava as a complication of endovascular aneurysm repair","volume":"36","author":"Borkowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. (Bayl. Univ. Med. Cent.)"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.10.091","article-title":"The structural atrophy of the aneurysm wall in secondary expanding aortic aneurysms with endoleak type II","volume":"70","author":"Menges","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnautovic, A., Garabet, W., Ziegler, R.T., Mulorz, J., Brass, S.M., Oberhuber, A., Schelzig, H., Wagenhauser, M.U., and Dueppers, P. (2024). Radiation Exposure and Contrast Agent Use during Endovascular Aortic Repair Using Mobile Versus Fixed Angiography Systems. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11030083"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2016.05.106","article-title":"Preoperative Inferior Mesenteric Artery Embolization: A Valid Method to Reduce the Rate of Type II Endoleak after EVAR?","volume":"39","author":"Manunga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2023.02.037","article-title":"Prophylactic Perigraft Arterial Sac Embolization During EVAR: Minimizing Type II Endoleaks and Improving Sac Regression","volume":"93","author":"Mathlouthi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2020.05.020","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of prophylactic aortic side branch embolization to prevent type II endoleaks","volume":"72","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2018.06.009","article-title":"Step-by-Step Approach to Management of Type II Endoleaks","volume":"21","author":"Bryce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2021.01.118","article-title":"Tailored Sac Embolization During EVAR for Preventing Persistent Type II Endoleak","volume":"76","author":"Mascoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2022.12.031","article-title":"Editor\u2019s Choice\u2014Focused Update on Patients Treated with the Nellix EndoVascular Aneurysm Sealing (EVAS) System from the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"65","author":"Boyle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2023.03.002","article-title":"Ruptured abdominal aorto-iliac aneurysms: Diagnosis, treatment, abdominal compartment syndrome, and role of simulation-based training","volume":"36","author":"Menges","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.06.009","article-title":"Editor\u2019s Choice\u2014Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Outcome of Treatment for Type II Endoleak Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair","volume":"56","author":"Ultee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Tinelli, G., D\u2019Oria, M., Sica, S., Mani, K., Rancic, Z., Resh, T.A., Beccia, F., Azizzadeh, A., Da Volta Ferreira, M.M., and Gargiulo, M. (2024). The Sac Evolution Imaging Follow-Up after EVAR: An international expert opinion-based Delphi consensus study. J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ezac495","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezac495","article-title":"ORal anticoagulation risks late aortic intervention in Conservatively managed type B Aortic dissection (ORCA study)","volume":"62","author":"Jesse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2021.04.033","article-title":"The fate of endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair and the impact of oral anticoagulation on their persistence","volume":"74","author":"Flohr","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2019.0766","article-title":"Laparoscopic Clipping of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Angiography for Type II Endoleak Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair","volume":"30","author":"Porta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech. A"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574419885271","article-title":"Total Laparoscopic Inferior Mesenteric Artery Ligation and Direct Sac Puncture Embolization Technique for Treatment of Type II Endoleak","volume":"54","author":"Romero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.07.066","article-title":"Systematic review of laparoscopic ligation of inferior mesenteric artery for the treatment of type II endoleak after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair","volume":"66","author":"Spanos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2020.04.011","article-title":"Early and Late Outcomes of Ultrasound-Guided Direct Transabdominal Embolization of Isolated Type 2 Endoleaks after Endovascular Aortic Repair","volume":"68","author":"Mastrorilli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1708538116663992","article-title":"Direct sac puncture versus transarterial embolization of type II endoleaks: An evaluation and comparison of outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vascular"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1177\/15266028211058686","article-title":"Comparison of Early and Mid-Term Outcomes After Fenestrated-Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair in Patients With or Without Prior Infrarenal Repair","volume":"29","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Endovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e389","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005577","article-title":"European Multicentric Experience With Fenestrated-branched ENDOvascular Stent Grafting After Previous FAILed Infrarenal Aortic Repair: The EU-FBENDO-FAIL Registry","volume":"278","author":"Gallitto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2023.08.113","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes after semi-conversion with graft preservation for failed endovascular aneurysm repair","volume":"79","author":"Esposito","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/15266028211047967","article-title":"E-nside Off-the-Shelf Inner Branch Stent Graft: Technical Aspects of Planning and Implantation","volume":"29","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Endovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2023.07.029","article-title":"Editor\u2019s Choice\u2014The VASCUNExplanT Project: An International Study Assessing Open Surgical Conversion of Failed Non-Infected Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair","volume":"66","author":"Behrendt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2021.05.053","article-title":"Early and midterm outcomes following open surgical conversion after failed endovascular aneurysm repair from the \u201cItalian North-easT RegIstry of surgical Conversion AfTer Evar\u201d (INTRICATE)","volume":"75","author":"Xodo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/15\/4300\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:21:51Z","timestamp":1760109711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/15\/4300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13154300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13154300","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]}}}