{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:44:19Z","timestamp":1775641459616,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Social Fund Plus","award":["2024-PRED-21926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-PRED-21926"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study aims to assess the relationship between physical and psychosocial pre-surgical factors and post-surgical evolution in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Methods: A cohort study with 3 months of follow-up after maxillofacial surgery was conducted. Participants were recruited from the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of Hospital Universitario La Paz in Madrid, Spain. Primary variables included the range of motion of mouth opening, protrusion tongue force, anxiety, depression and kinesiophobia. Assessments were realised on-site or via video call. Statistical analysis was conducted using mixed-effects models. Results: The initial recruitment yielded 22 patients, with 19 ultimately eligible for analysis. The study found significant impacts of pre-surgical factors on post-surgical evolution. Both ranges of motion and anxiety showed influences from baseline measures, with the range of motion affected by a pre-surgical range of motion (estimate: 3.89) and positive expectations (estimate: 4.83). Anxiety was influenced by both pre-surgical (estimate: 0.48) and baseline anxiety levels (estimate: 0.64). Kinesiophobia demonstrated a trend toward significance, with baseline levels affecting post-surgical evolution (estimate: 0.77). Conclusions: Our results highlight the relationship between pre-surgical factors and post-surgical outcomes in orthognathic surgery patients. Pre-surgical range of motion and positive expectations were found to influence post-surgical range of motion, while pre-surgical anxiety levels impacted post-surgical anxiety evolution. Pre-surgical kinesiophobia also showed potential as a post-surgical kinesiophobia predictor, but further investigation is needed to confirm this relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T16:37:17Z","timestamp":1722271037000},"page":"4445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pre-Surgical Factors Influencing Post-Surgical Outcomes in Orthognathic Surgery Patients: A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8402-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Navarro-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"CranioSpain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Bravo-Aparicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toledo Physiotherapy Research Group (GIFTO), Faculty of Physical Therapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Castilla-La Mancha, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Del Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1971-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hector","family":"Beltran-Alacreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toledo Physiotherapy Research Group (GIFTO), Faculty of Physical Therapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Castilla-La Mancha, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0115-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Gil-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CranioSpain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unit of Physiotherapy, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004438","article-title":"Current Concepts in Orthognathic Surgery","volume":"141","author":"Naran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast. 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