{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T14:05:29Z","timestamp":1794492329110,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"StimuSIL., Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Androgenetic alopecia, the most common cause of hair loss affecting both men and women, is typically treated using pharmaceutical options, such as minoxidil and finasteride. While these medications work for many individuals, they are not suitable options for all. To date, the only non-pharmaceutical option that the United States Food and Drug Administration has cleared as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia is low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Numerous clinical trials utilizing LLLT devices of various types are available. However, a myriad of other physical treatments for this form of hair loss have been reported in the literature. This review evaluated the effectiveness of microneedling, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), fractional laser therapy, and nonablative laser therapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). It also explores the potential of multimodal treatments combining these physical therapies. The majority of evidence in the literature supports LLLT as a physical therapy for androgenetic alopecia. However, other physical treatments, such as nonablative laser treatments, and multimodal approaches, such as PEMF-LLLT, seem to have the potential to be equally or more promising and merit further exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T13:14:42Z","timestamp":1722604482000},"page":"4534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Physical Treatments and Therapies for Androgenetic Alopecia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Siddhi Bianca Camila","family":"Lama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"StimuSIL, Inc., Wilmington, DE 19802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6015-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alfonso","family":"P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet A.","family":"Kosoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"StimuSIL, Inc., Wilmington, DE 19802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Dennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Departments, UNC Chapel Hill and NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4990-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ortega-Quijano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hair Disorders Unit, Grupo Pedro Ja\u00e9n, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ho, C.H., Sood, T., and Zito, P.M. 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