{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:20:34Z","timestamp":1760145634594,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.","award":["C2116 (NIS008067)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C2116 (NIS008067)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic cough (CC), characterized as a cough lasting &gt;8 weeks, is a common multi-factorial syndrome in the community, especially in older adults. Methods: Using a pre-existing algorithm to identify patients with CC within the 2011\u20132018 Medicare beneficiaries, we examined trends in gabapentinoid use through repeated cross-sectional analyses and identified distinct utilization trajectories using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) in a retrospective cohort study. Individuals without CC but with any respiratory conditions related to cough served as a comparator group. Results: Among patients with CC, gabapentinoid use increased from 18.6% in 2011 to 24.1% in 2018 (p = 0.002), with a similar upward trend observed in the non-CC cohort but with overall lower usage (14.7% to 18.4%; p &lt; 0.001). Patients with CC had significantly higher burdens of respiratory and non-respiratory comorbidities, as well as greater healthcare service and medication use compared to the non-CC cohort. The GBTM analyses identified three distinct gabapentinoid utilization trajectories for CC and non-CC patients: no use (77.3% vs. 84.5%), low use (13.9% vs. 10.3%), and high use (8.8% vs. 5.2%). Conclusions: Future studies are needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of gabapentinoid use in patients with refractory or unexplained CC in real-world settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T13:57:28Z","timestamp":1722866248000},"page":"4549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics of US Medicare Beneficiaries with Chronic Cough vs. Non-Chronic Cough: 2011\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5198-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seonkyeong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2825-9180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6945-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan M.","family":"Hincapie-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuehua","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mandel R.","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sher Allergy Specialists, Largo, FL 33778, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bobby","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1640-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debbie L.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Hsuan","family":"Lo-Ciganic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pharmaceutical Policy and Prescribing, Health Policy Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"North Florida\/South Georgia Veterans Health System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106726","article-title":"Distribution of chronic cough phenotypes in the general population: A cross-sectional analysis of the LEAD cohort in Austria","volume":"192","author":"Abozid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir. 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