{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:04:50Z","timestamp":1783544690243,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tuscany Region","award":["D55H20000210002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D55H20000210002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A few months after the COVID-19 pandemic onset, knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes and treatments blew up. This paper aimed to evaluate the features of a Tuscany COVID-19 hospitalized cohort and to identify risk factors for COVID-19 severity. Methods: This retrospective observational COVID-19 cohort study (1 March 2020\u20131 March 2021) was conducted on patients \u2265 18 years old, admitted to Tuscany Hospital, and subjected to follow-up within 12 months after discharge. Patients were enrolled at Pisana, Senese and Careggi University Hospitals, and South East, North West, and Center Local Hospitals. Results: 2888 patients (M = 58.5%, mean age = 66.2 years) were enrolled, of whom 14.3% (N = 413) were admitted to an intensive care unit. Smokers were 25%, and overweight and obese 65%. The most used drugs were corticosteroids, antacids, antibiotics, and antithrombotics, all antiviral drugs, with slight differences between 2020 and 2021. A strong association was found between outcomes of evolution towards critical COVID-19 (non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) and\/or admission to intensive care) and smoking (RR = 4.91), ex-smoking (RR = 3.48), overweight (RR = 1.30), obese subjects (RR = 1.62), comorbidities (aRR = 1.38). The alteration of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) was associated with NIV (aOR = 2.28). Conclusions: Our cohort, characterized by patients with a mean age of 66.2 years, showed 65% of patients were overweight and obese. Smoking\/ex-smoking, overweight\/obesity, and other comorbidities were associated with COVID-19 adverse outcomes. The findings also demonstrated that alterations in liver enzymes were associated with worse outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T07:01:25Z","timestamp":1723100485000},"page":"4626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Retrospective Study on the Features and Outcomes of a Tuscany COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Cohort: Preliminary Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Caterina","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9146-9968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Stasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6168-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Profili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Bartolacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Sessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Tacconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, PO San Donato, 52100 Arezzo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Villari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pneumology, AUSL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Apuane Hospital, 54100 Massa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Carrozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Dotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8351-3703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bargagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurological Sciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6617-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Donnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Masotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine II and Stroke Unit, San Giuseppe Hospital, 20123 Empoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rasero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Innovations and Research Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Lavorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5612-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pistelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2315-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Chimera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Sorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Pacifici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Milli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Voller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, 50141 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"SPRINT Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salamanna, F., Maglio, M., Landini, M.P., and Fini, M. 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