{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:14:16Z","timestamp":1792617256269,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects people of all ages and sexes. Evidence of cardiovascular risk factors in lichen sclerosus has been continuously reported; however, the definitive association remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the association between cardiovascular risk factors and lichen sclerosus. Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, were systematically searched from inception to May 2024 to identify the literature reporting the association between cardiovascular risk factors and lichen sclerosus. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. Results: We included 16 eligible studies: nine case\u2013control studies, six retrospective cohort studies, and one cross-sectional study. A total of 432,457 participants were included. Lichen sclerosus was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an odds ratio of 2.07 (95% CI: 1.21\u20133.52). Although not statistically significant, a trend of increasing risk in hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome was observed among lichen sclerosus patients, with odds ratios of 1.56 (95% CI: 0.90\u20132.70), 1.44 (95% CI: 0.94\u20132.23), 5.84 (95% CI: 0.37\u201392.27), and 1.36 (95% CI: 0.52\u20133.54), respectively. Conclusions: Lichen sclerosus was associated with diabetes mellitus and potentially correlated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Population-based prospective observational studies are required to further elucidate these findings and assess the impact of these associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T07:59:07Z","timestamp":1723190347000},"page":"4668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Association between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8954-7824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suvijak","family":"Untaaveesup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Phaholpolpayuhasena Hospital, Kanchanaburi 71000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7890-8356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piyawat","family":"Kantagowit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3533-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nattawut","family":"Leelakanok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3147-9659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petcharpa","family":"Chansate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2728-8968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wongsathorn","family":"Eiumtrakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1744-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaiorn","family":"Pratchyapruit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8294-8601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chutintorn","family":"Sriphrapradang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2017.1343295","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus in women: A review","volume":"20","year":"2017","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08371.x","article-title":"Differential expression of oestrogen receptor isoforms and androgen receptor in the normal vulva and vagina compared with vulval lichen sclerosus and chronic vaginitis","volume":"158","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. 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