{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T19:24:21Z","timestamp":1788809061233,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["503\/1-002-01\/503-11-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-002-01\/503-11-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) requires weighing an individual patient\u2019s therapeutic benefits and therapy-related complication risks. The immunomodulators that have been commonly used so far in IBD therapy are thiopurines, including 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine. As our understanding of the IBD pathomechanisms is widening, new therapeutic approaches are being introduced, including the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators\u2019 development. Non-selective JAK inhibitors are represented by tofacitinib, while selective JAK inhibitors comprise filgotinib and upadacitinib. As for the S1PR modulators, ozanimod and etrasimod are approved for UC therapy. The number of elderly patients with IBD is growing; therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the oral immunomodulators among the subjects aged \u226560. Possible complications limit the use of thiopurines in senior patients. Likewise, the promising effectiveness of new drugs in IBD therapy in those with additional risk factors might be confined by the risk of serious adverse events. However, the data regarding this issue are limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T06:25:24Z","timestamp":1723271124000},"page":"4678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Safety and Effectiveness of Thiopurines and Small Molecules in Elderly Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Strig\u00e1\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3894-3990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u0142osz","family":"Caban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1825-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Ma\u0142ecka-Wojciesko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3887-2712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Talar-Wojnarowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2018-0075","article-title":"A review of the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Seyedian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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