{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:46:51Z","timestamp":1792028811229,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Cardiac arrests are traditionally classified according to the setting in which they occur, including out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). However, cardiac arrests that occur in the emergency department (EDCA) could constitute a third category, due to the peculiar characteristics of the emergency department (ED). In recent years, the need to study EDCAs separately from other intra-hospital events has emerged. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of patients experiencing EDCA in an Italian hospital over a 14-year period. Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective observational study conducted in the ED of the Santa Croce e Carle Hospital in Cuneo, Italy. All adult patients who experienced EDCA between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2023 were included. OHCA patients, those arriving in the ED with on-going resuscitation measures, patients with EDCA not undergoing resuscitation, and patients with post-traumatic cardiac arrest were excluded from the study. The main outcome of the study was survival at hospital discharge with a favourable neurological outcome. Results: 350 cases of EDCA were included. The median age was 78 (63\u201385) years, and the median Charlson Comorbidity Index score was 5 (3\u20136). A total of 35 patients (10%) survived to hospital discharge with a cerebral performance category (CPC) Score of 1\u20132; survival in the ED was 28.3%. The causes of cardiac arrests were identified in 212 cases (60.6%) and included coronary thrombosis (35%), hypoxia (22%), hypovolemia (17%), pulmonary embolism (11%), metabolic (8%), cardiac tamponade (4%), toxins (2%) and hypothermia (1%). Variables associated with survival with a favourable neurological outcome were young age, a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, coronary thrombosis as the primary EDCA cause, and shockable presenting rhythm; however, only the latter was associated with the outcome in a multivariate age-weighted model. Conclusions: In a cohort of patients with EDCA over a period of more than a decade, the most frequent cause identified was coronary thrombosis; 10% of patients survived with a good neurological status, and the only factor associated with the best prognosis was presenting a shockable rhythm. EDCA should be considered an independent category in order to fully understand its characteristics and outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T11:23:46Z","timestamp":1723461826000},"page":"4708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Characteristics, Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Emergency Department Cardiac Arrest: A 14-Year Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5085-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo Davide","family":"Giamello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Emergency Medicine, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5738-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"D\u2019Agnano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8899-8885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Paglietta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Emergency Medicine, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bertone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Emergency Medicine, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpiero","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Poggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sciolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8721-1828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(80)90002-X","article-title":"Sudden death\u2014Definition and epidemiologic considerations","volume":"23","author":"Kuller","year":"1980","journal-title":"Prog. 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