{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:21:08Z","timestamp":1760145668534,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) belongs to the group of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Anaesthesia for patients with CPEO may be associated with an increased risk due to known drug effects on mitochondrial metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this analysis was to evaluate anaesthesiological concepts in patients with CPEO requiring ophthalmic surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective, monocentric cohort analysis of eleven patients with CPEO undergoing ophthalmic surgery either with general anaesthesia or local anaesthesia in a German university hospital from January 2012 to February 2022. Results: A total of twelve ophthalmic surgery procedures were performed in eleven adult patients with CPEO. Six patients underwent surgery after receiving local anaesthesia (LA cohort). Five patients underwent six surgical procedures under general anaesthesia (GA cohort). In five cases within the GA cohort, propofol and remifentanil were used for the maintenance of anaesthesia. In one case, balanced anaesthesia with desflurane and remifentanil was used. The median duration of general anaesthesia was 37.5 min (range, 25\u201365 min). Patients stayed in the recovery room for a median of 48.5 min (range, 35\u201370 min). All patients were discharged on the first postoperative day. No relevant complications occurred in either the LA or GA cohort. Conclusion: Both local and general anaesthesia are feasible concepts for patients with CPEO undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Propofol, at least with a short duration (less than one hour) of use, appears to be a feasible hypnotic drug in CPEO patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T11:23:46Z","timestamp":1723461826000},"page":"4710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anaesthesia Concepts in Patients with Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia Undergoing Ophthalmic Surgery\u2014A Retrospective Cohort Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1932-0701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Leister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9956-0953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Wendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Hedergott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4413-6132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludwig M.","family":"Heindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0224-3597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Rokohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4803-1362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra E.","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8000-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd W.","family":"B\u00f6ttiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Fricke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2090-7836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker C.","family":"Schick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31824d2a15","article-title":"Pursuit-paretic and epileptic nystagmus in MELAS","volume":"32","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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