{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:52:45Z","timestamp":1791211965510,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has acquired a pivotal role in modern cardiology. It represents the gold standard for biventricular volume and systolic function assessment. Moreover, CMR allows for non-invasive myocardial tissue evaluation, highlighting tissue edema, fibrosis, fibro-fatty infiltration and iron overload. This manuscript aims to review the impact of CMR in the main inflammatory and infiltrative cardiomyopathies, providing details on specific imaging patterns and insights regarding the most relevant trials in the setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T11:23:46Z","timestamp":1723461826000},"page":"4733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Inflammatory and Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7609-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Buzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Di Febo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Modugno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Schillaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Paolisso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Doldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Melotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Ratti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Provera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Guarnieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Terzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Gallazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Andreini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of University Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-023-00950-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology: A comprehensive summary and update","volume":"25","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad194","article-title":"2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies","volume":"44","author":"Arbelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00435-x","article-title":"Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: Current evidence and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Ammirati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht210","article-title":"Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: A position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases","volume":"34","author":"Caforio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001412","article-title":"Acute clinical presentation of nonischemic cardiomyopathies: Early detection by cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"24","author":"Todiere","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044934","article-title":"Desmoplakin Cardiomyopathy, a Fibrotic and Inflammatory Form of Cardiomyopathy Distinct From Typical Dilated or Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy","volume":"141","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1509267","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy","volume":"376","author":"Corrado","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-010-0594-0","article-title":"Utility of T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences in cardiac MRI: An overview of clinical applications in ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart disease","volume":"116","author":"Francone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2010.09.023","article-title":"Direct T2 Quantification of Myocardial Edema in Acute Ischemic Injury","volume":"4","author":"Verhaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.03.008","article-title":"T1 Mapping for the Diagnosis of Acute Myocarditis Using CMR","volume":"6","author":"Ferreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-022-00866-0","article-title":"T2 mapping in myocardial disease: A comprehensive review","volume":"24","author":"Gil","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bariani, R., Rigato, I., Cipriani, A., Bueno Marinas, M., Celeghin, R., Basso, C., Corrado, D., Pilichou, K., and Bauce, B. (2022). Myocarditis-like Episodes in Patients with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review on the So-Called Hot-Phase of the Disease. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12091324"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.01.001","article-title":"Genetics of myocarditis in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia","volume":"12","author":"Gimeno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.049","article-title":"A Genetically Vulnerable Myocardium May Predispose to Myocarditis","volume":"66","author":"Campuzano","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doeblin, P., Hashemi, D., Tanacli, R., Lapinskas, T., Gebker, R., Stehning, C., Motzkus, L.A., Blum, M., Tahirovic, E., and Dordevic, A. (2019). CMR Tissue Characterization in Patients with HFmrEF. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111877"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew131","article-title":"Global myocardial oedema in advanced decompensated heart failure","volume":"18","author":"Verbrugge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058457","article-title":"Genetic Architecture of Acute Myocarditis and the Overlap with Inherited Cardiomyopathy","volume":"146","author":"Lota","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikking, M.A., Stroeks, S.L.V.M., Henkens, M.T.H.M., Venner, M.F.G.H.M., Li, X., Heymans, S.R.B., Hazebroek, M.R., and Verdonschot, J.A.J. (2023). Cardiac Inflammation in Adult-Onset Genetic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12123937"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300960","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation and the phenotypic expression of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"98","author":"Kuusisto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-023-10307-4","article-title":"Inflammation across the spectrum of hypertrophic cardiac phenotypes","volume":"28","author":"Lillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20190634","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190634","article-title":"MRI native T1 and T2 mapping of myocardial segments in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Tissue remodeling manifested prior to structure changes","volume":"92","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.10.027","article-title":"Native T1 Mapping in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Allograft Rejection","volume":"12","author":"Imran","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-316442","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis: State-of-the-art review","volume":"107","author":"Kouranos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.11.019","article-title":"Complementary Role of CMR to Conventional Screening in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiac Sarcoidosis","volume":"10","author":"Kouranos","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.047","article-title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"45","author":"Smedema","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.10.021","article-title":"Cardiac Sarcoidosis","volume":"123","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.851352","article-title":"Detection of myocardial damage in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"120","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.05.009","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Myocardial Scarring on CMR in Patients with Cardiac Sarcoidosis","volume":"10","author":"Coleman","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.03.043","article-title":"HRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"11","author":"Birnie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-305187","article-title":"Extensive late gadolinium enhancement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts adverse outcomes and lack of improvement in LV function after steroid therapy in cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"100","author":"Ise","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.11.012","article-title":"Prognostic Value of RV Abnormalities on CMR in Patients With Known or Suspected Cardiac Sarcoidosis","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005022","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.005022","article-title":"Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Assessment in Patients with Sarcoidosis and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction","volume":"9","author":"Greulich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.08.018","article-title":"Hybrid Cardiac Magnetic Resonance\/Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography to Differentiate Active from Chronic Cardiac Sarcoidosis","volume":"15","author":"Greulich","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162732","article-title":"T1 and T2 Mapping in Recognition of Early Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Sarcoidosis","volume":"285","author":"Puntmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab072","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis: A position statement of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases","volume":"42","author":"Rapezzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-305710","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance evaluation of left ventricular remodelling distribution in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"100","author":"Pozo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016567","article-title":"Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"132","author":"Fontana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.02.016","article-title":"Cardiac Structural and Functional Consequences of Amyloid Deposition by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Echocardiography and Their Prognostic Roles","volume":"12","author":"Knight","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab507","article-title":"Longitudinal strain is an independent predictor of survival and response to therapy in patients with systemic AL amyloidosis","volume":"43","author":"Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab609","article-title":"Longitudinal strain in the management of cardiac AL amyloidosis: Do we need it?","volume":"43","author":"Rapezzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.01.020","article-title":"Determinants and Prognostic Significance of Serial Right Heart Function Changes in Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis","volume":"36","author":"Fine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2016.1194264","article-title":"Prognostic value of right ventricular systolic function in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"23","author":"Bodez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-014-9470-7","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for amyloidosis","volume":"20","author":"Fontana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2009.06.006","article-title":"Value of phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence to perform and analyse late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"102","author":"Gerbaud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000152819.97857.9D","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"111","author":"Maceira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-92","article-title":"Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: A Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and CMR Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology consensus statement","volume":"15","author":"Moon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-303052","article-title":"Human non-contrast T1 values and correlation with histology in diffuse fibrosis","volume":"99","author":"Bull","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-022-02005-2","article-title":"Native T1 mapping for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"112","author":"Lavall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.11.013","article-title":"Noncontrast T1 Mapping for the Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis","volume":"6","author":"Karamitsos","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.2010","article-title":"Tracking Treatment Response in Cardiac Light-Chain Amyloidosis with Native T1 Mapping","volume":"8","author":"Ioannou","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"oead092","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oead092","article-title":"Prognosis prediction in cardiac amyloidosis by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Boretto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Open"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3137","article-title":"Myocardial perfusion in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"26","author":"Chacko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-018-0478-3","article-title":"Myocardial native T2 measurement to differentiate light-chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and assess prognosis","volume":"20","author":"Ridouani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.02.006","article-title":"Native T1 and Extracellular Volume in Transthyretin Amyloidosis","volume":"12","author":"Kotecha","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2022.101573","article-title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Non-late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Parameters in Cardiac Amyloidosis","volume":"48","author":"Briasoulis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu444","article-title":"T1 mapping and survival in systemic light-chain amyloidosis","volume":"36","author":"Banypersad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4722","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac363","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in light-chain amyloidosis to guide treatment","volume":"43","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.536","article-title":"Myocardial Edema and Prognosis in Amyloidosis","volume":"71","author":"Kotecha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61589-5","article-title":"Fabry\u2019s disease","volume":"372","author":"Zarate","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs166","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy in Fabry disease: A practical approach to diagnosis","volume":"34","author":"Yousef","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.03.020","article-title":"Proposed Stages of Myocardial Phenotype Development in Fabry Disease","volume":"12","author":"Nordin","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1960","article-title":"An expert consensus document on the management of cardiovascular manifestations of Fabry disease","volume":"22","author":"Linhart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-015-0114-4","article-title":"A disproportionate contribution of papillary muscles and trabeculations to total left ventricular mass makes choice of cardiovascular magnetic resonance analysis technique critical in Fabry disease","volume":"17","author":"Kozor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp588","article-title":"Cardiovascular manifestations of fabry disease: Relationships between left ventricular hypertrophy, disease severity, and-galactosidase a activity","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-014-0099-4","article-title":"Reproducibility of native myocardial T1 mapping in the assessment of Fabry disease and its role in early detection of cardiac involvement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"16","author":"Pica","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-022-00859-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance native T1 mapping in Anderson-Fabry disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Ponsiglione","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008424","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.118.008424","article-title":"Predictors of Clinical Evolution in Prehypertrophic Fabry Disease","volume":"12","author":"Camporeale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aquaro, G.D., De Gori, C., Faggioni, L., Parisella, M.L., Aringhieri, G., Cioni, D., Lencioni, R., and Neri, E. (2022). Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Fabry Disease: Morphological, Functional, and Tissue Features. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202210.0200.v1"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.07.741","article-title":"Cardiac Fabry Disease with Late Gadolinium Enhancement Is a Chronic Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy","volume":"68","author":"Nordin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019191385","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy and late gadolinium enhancement at cardiac MRI are associated with adverse cardiac events in Fabry disease","volume":"294","author":"Hanneman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E010171","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.010171","article-title":"Myocardial Edema, Myocyte Injury, and Disease Severity in Fabry Disease","volume":"13","author":"Augusto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008872","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.008872","article-title":"Quantitative myocardial perfusion in Fabry disease","volume":"12","author":"Knott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-019-0557-0","article-title":"Loss of base-to-apex circumferential strain gradient assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in Fabry disease: Relationship to T1 mapping, late gadolinium enhancement and hypertrophy","volume":"21","author":"Mathur","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2020.0157","article-title":"CMR parametric mapping as a tool for myocardial tissue characterization","volume":"50","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean Circ. J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24010","article-title":"In vivo comparison of myocardial T1 with T2 and T2* in thalassaemia major","volume":"38","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2822","article-title":"Cardiovascular T2-star (T2*) magnetic resonance for the early diagnosis of myocardial iron overload","volume":"22","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(89)90549-3","article-title":"Transverse relaxation rate enhancement caused by magnetic particulates","volume":"7","author":"Hardy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2023.07.005","article-title":"T2* map at cardiac MRI reveals incidental hepatic and cardiac iron overload","volume":"104","author":"Brendel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn. Interv. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6184","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07599-7","article-title":"Role of CMR feature-tracking derived left ventricular strain in predicting myocardial iron overload and assessing myocardial contractile dysfunction in patients with thalassemia major","volume":"31","author":"Ojha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24727","article-title":"Noncontrast myocardial T1 mapping using cardiovascular magnetic resonance for iron overload","volume":"41","author":"Sado","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-021-02458-y","article-title":"The correlation of cardiac biomarkers and myocardial iron overload based on T2* MRI in major beta-thalassemia","volume":"38","author":"Saadatifar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/16\/4733\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:35:32Z","timestamp":1760110532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/16\/4733"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13164733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13164733","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]}}}