{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:29:43Z","timestamp":1790645383891,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metamizole, or dipyrone, has been used for decades as a non-narcotic analgesic, providing pain relief from musculoskeletal disorders and antipyretic and antispasmolytic properties. Despite being in use since the 1920s, its mechanism of action still needs to be discovered. Despite causing fewer adverse effects when compared to other analgesics, its harmful effects on the blood and lack of evidence regarding its teratogenicity make the usage of the drug questionable, which has led to it being removed from the drug market of various countries. This narrative review aims to provide a detailed insight into the mechanism of action and efficacy, comparing its effectiveness and safety with other classes of drugs and the safety profile of metamizole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T10:28:41Z","timestamp":1723631321000},"page":"4794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Metamizole in the Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders: Current Concept Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4362-3326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen","family":"Jeyaraman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7220-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Migliorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), 39100 Bolzano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrideavi","family":"Murugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Government Tirunelveli Medical College and Hospital, Tirunelveli 627002, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8845-8427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swaminathan","family":"Ramasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai 600002, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeetha","family":"Balaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai 600002, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5327-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Maffulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4DG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9045-9493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhan","family":"Jeyaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Low Back Pain Collaborators (2023). 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