{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:50:48Z","timestamp":1790812248866,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002461","name":"Chungbuk National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023102061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023102061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002461","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002461","name":"Chungbuk National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20014701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20014701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002461","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Medical Device Technology Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023102061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023102061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Medical Device Technology Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20014701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20014701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE, Sejong, Republic of Korea)","award":["2023102061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023102061"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE, Sejong, Republic of Korea)","award":["20014701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20014701"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Hospital-associated disability (HAD), a functional decline following acute hospitalization, is a common complication associated with mortality and unfavorable prognoses in patients admitted to acute care hospitals. However, few studies have investigated mortality and associated factors in patients with HAD and have been limited by inconsistent HAD assessment tools and criteria. This study investigated mortality and risk factors in patients with HAD using specific criteria. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients referred to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine with suspected HAD between June 2022 and March 2023. The collected data included medical histories, diagnostic tests for HAD (including muscle strength, balance, and modified Barthel Index), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with mortality. Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves were constructed for mortality at 3 and 7 months. Results: A total of 455 patients were identified, among which 206 patients diagnosed with HAD (73.1 \u00b1 12.5 years) were included in the analysis. The 3-month mortality rate was 27.2%. In the multivariate analysis, male sex (odds ratio (OR), 3.23; p &lt; 0.01), a history of cancer (OR, 2.18; p &lt; 0.05), and a low phase angle (OR, 0.69; p &lt; 0.05) were significantly associated with mortality. A phase angle &lt; 2.9\u00b0 on BIA was associated with a significant increase in 3-month (hazard ratio (HR), 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06\u20133.23) and 7-month (HR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.75\u20134.98) mortality. Conclusions: Patients with HAD had a high mortality rate, with several factors, particularly low BIA phase angles, associated with increased mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T03:49:36Z","timestamp":1723693776000},"page":"4798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mortality Outcomes and Contributing Risk Factors in Patients with Hospital-Associated Disability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2175-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo-Jeong","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2055-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-Jin","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Graduate School, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0558-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Ho","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51152.x","article-title":"Loss of independence in activities of daily living in older adults hospitalized with medical illnesses: Increased vulnerability with age","volume":"51","author":"Covinsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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