{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:50:23Z","timestamp":1793227823071,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objective: Gastritis represents one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases and has a multifactorial etiology, many forms of manifestation, and various symptoms. Diagnosis of gastritis is made based on clinical, endoscopic, and histological criteria, and although it is a thorough process, many cases are misdiagnosed or overlooked. This systematic review aims to provide an extensive overview of current artificial intelligence (AI) applications in gastritis diagnosis and evaluate the precision of these systems. This evaluation could highlight the role of AI as a helpful and useful tool in facilitating timely and accurate diagnoses, which in turn could improve patient outcomes. Methods: We have conducted an extensive and comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including studies published until July 2024. Results: Despite variations in study design, participant numbers and characteristics, and outcome measures, our observations suggest that implementing an AI automatic diagnostic tool into clinical practice is currently feasible, with the current systems achieving high levels of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Our findings indicate that AI outperformed human experts in most studies, with multiple studies exhibiting an accuracy of over 90% for AI compared to human experts. These results highlight the significant potential of AI to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in gastroenterology. Conclusions: AI-based technologies can now automatically diagnose using images provided by gastroscopy, digital pathology, and radiology imaging. Deep learning models exhibited high levels of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity while assessing the diagnosis, staging, and risk of neoplasia for different types of gastritis, results that are superior to those of human experts in most studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T09:29:41Z","timestamp":1723714181000},"page":"4818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Artificial Intelligence for the Automatic Diagnosis of Gastritis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9062-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria Claudia","family":"Turtoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0007-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad Dumitru","family":"Brata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4418-6465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Incze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7435-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Ismaiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Medical Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinu Iuliu","family":"Dumitrascu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8211-210X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Militaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4538-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai Alexandru","family":"Munteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8881-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Botan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Alexandru","family":"Toc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5230-6680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Traian Adrian","family":"Duse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5508-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan Lucian","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Medical Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Alpers, D.H. 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