{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:28:07Z","timestamp":1791919687034,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The study presented in this paper seeks to examine how personality traits and depressive symptoms, influenced by the fear of COVID-19, interact in infertile couples, who are on the verge of commencing treatments with assisted reproductive technology (ART). The purpose of this observational study was to explore the relationship between personality traits in infertile couples and the occurrence of depressive symptoms, taking into account the mediating effect of COVID-19 fear. Methods: The study sample consisted of 108 women and 71 men (N = 179), all of whom had received an infertility diagnosis and expressed a desire to begin ART treatment at a Sicilian ART center; they were subsequently recruited. The Personality Inventory (PI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Fear of COVID (FCV-19S) were used for data collection. Results: The FCV-19S demonstrates a significant positive correlation with both neuroticism (r = 0.25, p = 0.001) and agreeableness (r = 0.19, p = 0.012). In addition, there is a significant correlation between FCV-19S (r = 0.67, p &lt; 0.001) and depression symptoms. The mediation analysis reveals that neuroticism is a predictor of fear of COVID-19 (\u03b2 = 1.77, p = 0.001) and depression (\u03b2 = 0.22, p = 0.002). Additionally, the fear of COVID-19 significantly influences (\u03b2 = 0.12, p &lt; 0.001) depression. Conclusions: This study found that neuroticism and agreeableness are positively linked to the fear of COVID-19, and women displayed notable mild mood disorders. Neuroticism predicted both depression and fear of COVID-19, while fear of COVID-19 predicted depressive symptoms. However, the total efficacy of the mediation model was not significant, thereby suggesting that the variables do not fully explain this model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T04:29:57Z","timestamp":1723782597000},"page":"4827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Personality Traits and Depression in Infertile Couples during the COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4248-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Burgio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia\u2014V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7503-7882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concetta","family":"Polizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7372-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Alesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Perino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia\u2014V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaspare","family":"Cucinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia\u2014V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Kotlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia\u2014V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1041-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia\u2014V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Vassiliadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Intermal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4269-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Gullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia\u2014V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ionio, C., Mascheroni, E., Colombo, C., and Lista, G. (2018). Prenatal attachment in twin pregnancy. Multiple Pregnancy-New Challenges, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.79365"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2024, June 10). Activities of the Italian National ART Registry. Available online: https:\/\/www.iss.it\/rpma-dati-registro."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.005","article-title":"The international glossary on infertility and fertility care","volume":"108","author":"Adamson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012","article-title":"Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology","volume":"62","author":"Borght","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-018-0805-0","article-title":"The role of lifestyle in male infertility: Diet, physical activity, and body habitus","volume":"19","author":"Hayden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Urol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Italian Ministry of Health (2024, June 10). Piano Nazionale per la Fertilit\u00e0, Available online: https:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_2367_allegato.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.12.031","article-title":"Male factor infertility and lack of openness about infertility as risk factors for depressive symptoms in males undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment in Italy","volume":"107","author":"Babore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der246","article-title":"Stress, distress, and outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART): A meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Frederiksen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3109\/00016340903447396","article-title":"Personality traits associated with depressive and anxiety disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment","volume":"89","author":"Volgsten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Obs. Gyn. Scan"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"235","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of depressive and anxious symptoms in couples undergoing assisted reproductive treatment in an Italian infertility department","volume":"158","author":"Chiaffarino","year":"2011","journal-title":"EJOG"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"86","article-title":"Perfectionistic traits and importance given to parenthood are associated with infertility-related quality of life in a sample of infertile women with and without endometriosis","volume":"17","author":"Zarbo","year":"2018","journal-title":"SRH"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"179","article-title":"The revised neo personality inventory (neo-pi-r)","volume":"2","author":"Costa","year":"2008","journal-title":"SAGE Handb. Personal. Theory Assess."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dragan, W.\u0141., Bates, J.E., Lansford, J.E., Dodge, K.A., and Pettit, G.S. (2020). Individual and Environmental Predictors of Age of First Intercourse and Number of Children by Age 27. Front. Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01639"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019658","article-title":"Characteristics of the first child predict the parents\u2019 probability of having another child","volume":"46","author":"Jokela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/01926187.2018.1461030","article-title":"Neuroticism and close relationships: How negative affect is linked with relationship disaffection in couples","volume":"46","author":"Rattan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Fam. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"149","article-title":"Neuroticism and satisfaction in romantic relationships: A systematic investigation of intra-and interpersonal processes with a longitudinal approach","volume":"36","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJP"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2008.36.1.87","article-title":"Personality and ambivalence in decisions about becoming parents","volume":"36","author":"Pinquart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Pers."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-020-00641-5","article-title":"A literature systematic review with meta-analysis of symptoms prevalence in COVID-19: The relevance of olfactory symptoms in infection not requiring hospitalization","volume":"22","author":"Giorli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Option Ne"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"ESHRE\u2014European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (2020, March 19). Coronavirus COVID-19: ESHRE Statement on Pregnancy and Conception. Available online: https:\/\/www.eshre.eu\/Europe\/Position-statements\/COVID19."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"IFFS (2020, March 19). IFFS Statements on COVID-19 and Reproduction. Available online: https:\/\/www.iffsreproduction.org\/iffs-COVID-19-task-force-statements\/."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"231","article-title":"Management of ART and COVID-19: Infertility in times of pandemic. What now?","volume":"24","author":"Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBRA Assist. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2021.110934","article-title":"Big Five predictors of pandemic-related behavior and emotions in the first and second COVID-19 pandemic wave in Slovakia","volume":"180","author":"Halama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cusinato, M., Iannattone, S., Spoto, A., Poli, M., Moretti, C., Gatta, M., and Miscioscia, M. (2020). Stress, resilience, and well-being in Italian children and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228297"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caci, B., Miceli, S., Scrima, F., and Cardaci, M. (2020). Neuroticism and Fear of COVID-19. The Interplay between Boredom, Fantasy Engagement, and Perceived Control Over Time. Front. Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.574393"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polizzi, C., Giordano, G., Burgio, S., Lavanco, G., and Alesi, M. (2022). Maternal Competence, Maternal Burnout and Personality Traits in Italian Mothers after the First COVID-19 Lockdown. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19169791"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852920001649","article-title":"Sexual response in obsessive-compulsive disorder: The role of obsessive beliefs","volume":"26","author":"Pozza","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.05.015","article-title":"Infertility remains a top stressor despite the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"41","author":"Vaughan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.08.194","article-title":"The emotional impact of the SRM Guidelines on fertility patients during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"114","author":"Turocy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.2466\/21.09.PR0.114k23w6","article-title":"Personality variables as predictors of Facebook usage","volume":"114","author":"Caci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., and Brown, G. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory\u2013II (BDI-II) [Database Record]. APA PsycTest.","DOI":"10.1037\/t00742-000"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00270-8","article-title":"The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation","volume":"20","author":"Ahorsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addict."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542","article-title":"Mediation analysis","volume":"58","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2014.962683","article-title":"An index and test of linear moderated mediation","volume":"50","author":"Hayes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.11.014","article-title":"Anxiety in personality","volume":"50","author":"Wilt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mezquita, L., Bravo, A.J., Morizot, J., Pilatti, A., Pearson, M.R., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, M.I., and Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team (2019). Cross-cultural examination of the Big Five Personality Trait Short Questionnaire: Measurement invariance testing and associations with mental health. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226223"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"447","article-title":"Impact of Personality Trait and Professional Identity on Work-Related Depression, Anxiety and Irritation among Chinese Nurses","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montag, C., Sindermann, C., Rozgonjuk, D., Yang, S., Elhai, J.D., and Yang, H. (2021). Investigating Links between Fear of COVID-19, Neuroticism, Social Networks Use Disorder, and Smartphone Use Disorder Tendencies. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.682837"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odachi, R., Takahashi, S., Sugawara, D., Tabata, M., Kajiwara, T., Hironishi, M., and Buyo, M. (2022). The Big Five personality traits and the fear of COVID-19 in predicting depression and anxiety among Japanese nurses caring for COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study in Wakayama prefecture. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276803"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-021-00593-0","article-title":"Psychometric Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Personality Traits Predict the Fear of COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Nazari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addict."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Omiri, M.K., Alzoubi, I.A., Al Nazeh, A.A., Alomiri, A.K., Maswady, M.N., and Lynch, E. (2021). COVID-19 and Personality: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study of the Relationship between Personality Factors and COVID-19-Related Impacts, Concerns, and Behaviors. Front. Psychiatry, 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.608730"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fink, M., B\u00e4uerle, A., Schmidt, K., Rheindorf, N., Musche, V., Dinse, H., Moradian, S., Weism\u00fcller, B., Schweda, A., and Teufel, M. (2021). COVID-19-fear affects current safety behavior mediated by neuroticism\u2014Results of a large cross-sectional study in Germany. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.671768"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asselmann, E., Borghans, L., Montizaan, R., and Seegers, P. (2020). The role of personality in the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of students in Germany during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242904"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erbi\u00e7er, E.S., Metin, A., \u00c7etinkaya, A., and \u015een, S. (2022). The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and depression, anxiety, and stress. European Psychologist, Hogrefe Publishing.","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000464"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113699","article-title":"Fear and depression linked to COVID-19 exposure A study of adult twins during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"296","author":"Tsang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"9","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19 and depression: Mediating role of anxiety and stress among university students","volume":"8","author":"Kausar","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBM"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000924","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19 and the mental health consequences in America","volume":"12","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12406","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19, stress and depression: A meta-analytic test of the mediating role of anxiety","volume":"95","author":"Griffiths","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey","volume":"288","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00331-y","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress","volume":"19","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addict."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"47","article-title":"Psychological variables in medically assisted reproduction: A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Burgio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Przegl\u0105d Menopauzalny"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der209","article-title":"The impact of shame and self-judgment on psychopathology in infertile patients","volume":"26","author":"Galhardo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.09.043","article-title":"Comparison of multiple psychological distress measures between men and women preparing for in vitro fertilization","volume":"95","author":"Wichman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.076","article-title":"Biases in processing of mood-congruent facial expressions in depression","volume":"275","author":"Merzenich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13555","article-title":"The prevalence of mental health disorders and symptoms in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Downs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5556","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy symptoms across dementia stages: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Leung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.07.006","article-title":"Partner support during the prenatal testing period after assisted conception","volume":"32","author":"Darwiche","year":"2019","journal-title":"Women Bith"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e057132","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057132","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and psychological impact of infertility among women: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Norhayati","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"358","article-title":"The level of anxiety and depression among Iranian infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization or intra cytoplasmic sperm injection cycles","volume":"10","author":"Yasini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000102","article-title":"Gender differences in depression in representative national samples: Meta-analyses of diagnoses and symptoms","volume":"143","author":"Salk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614544528","article-title":"The origins of neuroticism","volume":"9","author":"Barlow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222820949350","article-title":"Fear and psychopathology during the COVID-19 crisis: Neuroticism, hypochondriasis, reassurance-seeking, and coronaphobia as fear factors","volume":"85","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"OMEGA-J. Death Dying"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110351","article-title":"Personality and perceived stress during COVID-19 pandemic: Testing the mediating role of perceived threat and efficacy","volume":"168","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072720-020131","article-title":"The psychology of pandemics","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12024","article-title":"Stressful life events and neuroticism as predictors of late-life versus early-life depression","volume":"13","author":"Weber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"VC04","article-title":"Personality Factor as a Predictor of Depression Score among Depressed and CHD Patients","volume":"9","author":"Kikhavani","year":"2015","journal-title":"JCDR"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assari, S. (2017). Neuroticism Predicts Subsequent Risk of Major Depression for Whites but Not Blacks. Behav. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/bs7040064"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.04.010","article-title":"Stress generation in depression: A systematic review of the empirical literature and recommendations for future study","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/16\/4827\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:37:23Z","timestamp":1760110643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/16\/4827"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13164827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13164827","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]}}}