{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:25:57Z","timestamp":1790767557943,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Catholic University of Korea Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital Clinical Research Laboratory Foundation","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C2093050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C2093050"]}]},{"name":"Catholic University of Korea Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital Clinical Research Laboratory Foundation","award":["HI22C0117000022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C0117000022"]}]},{"name":"Catholic University of Korea Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital Clinical Research Laboratory Foundation","award":["IITP-2024-RS-2023-00254592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2024-RS-2023-00254592"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C2093050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C2093050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI22C0117000022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C0117000022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IITP-2024-RS-2023-00254592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2024-RS-2023-00254592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C2093050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C2093050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI22C0117000022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C0117000022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IITP-2024-RS-2023-00254592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2024-RS-2023-00254592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korean government (MSIT)","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C2093050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C2093050"]}]},{"name":"Korean government (MSIT)","award":["HI22C0117000022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C0117000022"]}]},{"name":"Korean government (MSIT)","award":["IITP-2024-RS-2023-00254592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2024-RS-2023-00254592"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition affected by genetic and environmental factors. Changes in the skin microbiome may affect the immune system and skin barrier functions, thereby contributing to the development and progression of psoriasis. The scalp, which is a common site for psoriasis, is often resistant to therapy. Although several studies have investigated the scalp microbiome, analyses focusing on both bacteria and fungi remain scarce. Methods: We examined the scalp microbiomes of 11 patients with psoriasis complicated with scalp lesions and categorized them according to their Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores. The bacterial and fungal data were analyzed using QIIME2 pipeline version 2021.04 and the UNITE database version 8.3, respectively. Results: The Shannon indices for mild (2 patients), moderate (4 patients), and severe (5 patients) groups were 0.97, 1.38, and 1.88, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between increased mycobiome diversity and disease severity (p = 4.07 \u00d7 10\u22125, Spearman\u2019s correlation: 0.9269). Compared with the mild and moderate groups, the severe group exhibited a higher abundance of Malassezia globosa. Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus were, respectively, more prevalent in the moderate and severe groups than in the mild group. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential role of increased fungal diversity and specific microbial compositions in the severity of scalp psoriasis, suggesting a possible avenue for targeted therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T12:40:07Z","timestamp":1723812007000},"page":"4846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bacteria, Fungi, and Scalp Psoriasis: Understanding the Role of the Microbiome in Disease Severity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jin-Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8411-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunseong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University\u2014Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hyun","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo-Hyun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University\u2014Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Soo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0168-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University\u2014Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8642-2479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Bok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu 07345, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1087-0024.2003.09102.x","article-title":"Psoriasis is common, carries a substantial burden even when not extensive, and is associated with widespread treatment dissatisfaction","volume":"9","author":"Stern","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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