{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T03:57:42Z","timestamp":1792900662517,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has revolutionized surgical practice across various medical and surgical specialties. This article reviews the clinical applications of ICG in abdominal, urological, thoracic, and gynecological surgery. ICG fluorescence imaging has been widely adopted in general surgery for various applications, including perfusion assessment, intraoperative visualization of the ureter, and tumor localization. It is particularly valuable in evaluating anastomotic leaks and aiding in precise tumor resection during minimally invasive surgeries. Studies have shown mixed results on its effectiveness in reducing anastomotic leak rates, highlighting the need for further research. In thoracic surgery, ICG facilitates the identification and resection of pulmonary bullae, as well as the precise localization of pulmonary nodules during video-assisted surgery. In urology, ICG aids in localizing renal tumors and guiding selective arterial occlusion during partial nephrectomy. Its role in identifying the lymphatic pathway in prostate cancer and sentinel lymph node biopsy in gynecological cancer is also discussed. Despite its benefits, the use of ICG fluorescence faces challenges such as limited tissue penetration, the potential for false results, a lack of standardized protocols, and high equipment costs. Nonetheless, it remains a powerful tool that could improve surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T01:38:45Z","timestamp":1724117925000},"page":"4895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A Green Lantern for the Surgeon: A Review on the Use of Indocyanine Green (ICG) in Minimally Invasive Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4969-3373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Fransvea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS Roma, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00136 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7079-725X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Miccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Rondelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8820-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Brisinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS Roma, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00136 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UniCamillus School of Medicine, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3373-0328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Maria","family":"Garbarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ospedale Sant\u2019Eugenio, ASL RM2, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5194-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2009.11928563","article-title":"Facts and ideas from anywhere","volume":"22","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bayl. 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