{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:04:08Z","timestamp":1792789448023,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University Lodz","award":["503\/1-152-01\/503-11-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-152-01\/503-11-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitiligo is a persistent autoimmune disease characterized by progressive depigmentation of the skin caused by the selective destruction of melanocytes. Although its etiopathogenesis remains unclear, multiple factors are involved in the development of this disease, from genetic and metabolic factors to cellular oxidative stress, melanocyte adhesion defects, and innate and adaptive immunity. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the existing knowledge on the role of different cellular mechanisms, including cytokines and chemokines interactions, in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Although there is no definitive cure for vitiligo, notable progress has been made, and several treatments have shown favorable results. A thorough understanding of the basis of the disease uncovers promising drug targets for future research, providing clinical researchers with valuable insights for developing improved treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T11:14:41Z","timestamp":1724325281000},"page":"4919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Vitiligo and Their Therapeutic Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marcelina","family":"K\u0105dziela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Kutwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Karp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3698-960X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Wo\u017aniacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103","article-title":"Vitiligo: A Review","volume":"236","author":"Bergqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13839","article-title":"Living with Vitiligo: Results from a National Survey Indicate Differences between Skin Phototypes","volume":"173","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.09.008","article-title":"Update on the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo","volume":"97","author":"Marchioro","year":"2022","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Jan, N.A., and Masood, S. (2024, August 09). Vitiligo. 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