{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:51Z","timestamp":1787028651892,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["PI21\/01244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01244"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["P2022\/BMD-7321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022\/BMD-7321"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["PI21\/01244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01244"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["P2022\/BMD-7321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022\/BMD-7321"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: We analyzed the obstetric and cardiac characteristics and results of pregnant women with heart disease (HD) and compared their results with those of healthy controls. Methods: In this retrospective single-center case\u2013control study, women with HD attended between 2010 and 2018 were matched at a 1:2 ratio (according to date of delivery, parity, and singleton or twin pregnancy) with controls without heart disease treated in the same referral center. Results: We identified 141 pregnant women with HD, of whom 132 reached 22 weeks of gestation and were paired with 264 healthy controls, for a total of 396 participants and 408 newborns. Most common HDs were congenital HD (53 women), arrhythmia (46), valvular HD (35), and cardiomyopathy (16), having women with more than one coexisting HD. During pregnancy or the puerperium, 19.9% of mothers experienced a major adverse cardiac event (MACE), with 5% requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The rates of cesarean section were 37.1% in the case group and 18.2% in the control group, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.66 (95% CI = 1.66\u20134.26, p &lt; 0.001). We also found a higher use of general anesthesia, with an OR of 10.73 (95% CI = 2.32\u201349.75, p = 0.002); more prolonged hospitalizations, with an OR of 2.91 (95% CI 1.02\u20138.35, p = 0.023); and a higher incidence of low neonatal weight, with an OR of 1.96 (95% CI 1.09\u20133.52, p = 0.012). There were no differences between groups in terms of gestational age at delivery; however, we observed greater prematurity in women with HD, without reaching statistical significance. The rate of congenital heart disease among the newborns of mothers with HD was 13.2%. Conclusions: HD increases maternal morbidity during pregnancy and it is associated with higher rates of cesarean section and low birth weight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T09:26:51Z","timestamp":1724750811000},"page":"5084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Heart Disease: A Case\u2014Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Aracil Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Prieto-Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Ortega-Abad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Mart\u00edn-Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"P\u00e9rez-Burrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fraile-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Devesa-Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Yllana-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2588-1708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, CIBEREHD, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan A.","family":"De Le\u00f3n-Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.03.013","article-title":"Evaluation of mode of birth in pregnant women with heart disease","volume":"248","author":"Petrus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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