{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:26:44Z","timestamp":1790958404431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND INNOVATION PROGRAMME FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY\u2014SOFIA","award":["BG-RRP-2.004-0004-C01\/29.12.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG-RRP-2.004-0004-C01\/29.12.2022"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["BG-RRP-2.004-0004-C01\/29.12.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG-RRP-2.004-0004-C01\/29.12.2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) represent conditions of different severity, characterized by an earlier-than-expected decrease in ovarian activity. The present study aims to compare metabolic disturbances between women with DOR and patients with POI from a different origin. Materials and methods: A total of 226 women (28 healthy women; 77 individuals with DOR, and 121 patients with POI\/36 with Turner syndrome [TS] and 85 with non-TS POI\/) have been studied retrospectively. Data concerning anthropometric indices, and metabolic parameters were collected. Results: Patients with DOR, non-TS POI, and TS had increased blood pressure and liver enzymes, pronounced insulin resistance, and worse lipid profiles than controls (p &lt; 0.008 for all). TS patients had significantly higher ASAT, GGT, and TSH levels compared to non-TS POI and DOR individuals. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes tended to be higher in TS women compared to other groups. The prevalence of previously diagnosed polycystic ovarian syndrome was lower in the non-TS POI patients than in the DOR patients (p = 0.005). Conclusions: patients with decreased ovarian function suffer from insulin resistance, abnormal lipid profile, and subtle hepatic disturbances, irrespective of the severity of the condition and the presence of chromosomal aberrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T07:52:08Z","timestamp":1724831528000},"page":"5105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Metabolic Risk in Patients with a Diminished Ovarian Reserve and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4007-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralitsa","family":"Robeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University\u2014Sofia, USHATE \u201cAcad. Iv. Penchev\u201d, 2, Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atanaska","family":"Elenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University\u2014Sofia, USHATE \u201cAcad. Iv. Penchev\u201d, 2, Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgi","family":"Kirilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University\u2014Sofia, USHATE \u201cAcad. Iv. Penchev\u201d, 2, Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Zacharieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University\u2014Sofia, USHATE \u201cAcad. Iv. Penchev\u201d, 2, Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) Guideline Group on POI, Webber, L., Davies, M., Anderson, R., Bartlett, J., Braat, D., Cartwright, B., Cifkova, R., de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, S., and Hogervorst, E. (2016). ESHRE Guideline: Management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency. Hum. Reprod., 31, 926\u2013937.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew027"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chon, S.J., Umair, Z., and Yoon, M.S. (2021). Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Past, Present, and Future. Front. Cell Dev. 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