{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:48:27Z","timestamp":1792460907583,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative disease that causes progressive myocardial impairment secondary to amyloid fibril deposition in the extracellular space of the myocardium. Many amyloid precursors, including transthyretin protein, are known to determine cardiac damage by aggregating and precipitating in cardiac tissue. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis may be either caused by rare genetic mutations of the transthyretin gene in the hereditary variant, or may arise as a consequence of age-related mechanisms in the acquired form. Although it has been labeled as a rare disease, in recent years, transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis has stood out as an emerging cause of aortic stenosis, unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, particularly in the elderly. Indeed, the integration of data deriving from both in vivo imaging techniques (whose advancement in the last years has allowed to achieve an easier and more accessible non-invasive diagnosis) and forensic studies (showing a prevalence of amyloid deposition in cardiac tissue of elderly patients up to 29%) suggests that cardiac amyloidosis is a more common disease than traditionally considered. Thanks to all the improvements in non-invasive diagnostic techniques, along with the development of efficacious therapies offering improvements in survival rates, transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis has been transformed from an incurable and infrequent condition to a relatively more diffuse and treatable disease, which physicians should take into consideration in the differential diagnostic processes in daily clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T11:12:13Z","timestamp":1724929933000},"page":"5140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Epidemiological Changes in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis: Evidence from In Vivo Data and Autoptic Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1274-3514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Cianci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4520-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Cianci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-7086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Sapienza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Crac\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, University Hospital Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0934-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"German\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci snc, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ieni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Gualniera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3159-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Asmundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4489-9631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Mondello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad194","article-title":"2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies","volume":"44","author":"Arbelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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