{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T21:38:40Z","timestamp":1781732320967,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis is mainly unknown. Matrix Gla protein (MGP) and Gla-rich protein (GRP) are both vitamin-K-dependent mineralization inhibitors. In this study, we aimed to compare the levels of MGP and GRP in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritic (OA) and non-osteoarthritic (non-OA) knee joints. Materials and Methods: Two groups were formed, with one consisting of patients with OA and the other non-OA, serving as a control group. The non-OA group included individuals who had arthroscopic surgery for non-cartilage-related issues. In the OA group, all participants had undergone total knee arthroplasty because of grade 4 primary degenerative osteoarthritis. During the operation, at least 1 mL of knee synovial fluid was collected. The GRP and MGP levels in the synovial fluid were measured using an ELISA kit. Results: The mean age in the OA group (62.03 \u00b1 11.53 years) was significantly higher than that in the non-OA group (47.70 \u00b1 14.49 years; p = 0.0001). GRP levels were significantly higher in the OA group (419.61 \u00b1 70.14 ng\/mL) compared to the non-OA group (382.18 \u00b1 62.34 ng\/mL; p = 0.037). MGP levels were significantly higher in the OA group (67.76 \u00b1 11.36 ng\/mL) compared to the non-OA group (53.49 \u00b1 18.28 ng\/mL; p = 0.001). Calcium levels (Ca++) were also significantly higher in the OA group (12.89 \u00b1 3.43 mg\/dL) compared to the non-OA group (9.51 \u00b1 2.15 mg\/dL; p = 0.0001). There was a significantly positive correlation between MGP levels and age (p = 0.011, R = +0.335). Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age on MGP levels (p = 0.011, R-Square = 0.112). The dependent variable in this analysis was MGP (ng\/mL), and age was the predictor. Conclusions: In conclusion, both GRP and MGP are potentially usable biomarkers in osteoarthritis. However, GRP seems to be more valuable because it is not associated with age. In the future, both proteins could provide important contributions to the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T09:39:32Z","timestamp":1725010772000},"page":"5159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Two Members of Vitamin-K-Dependent Proteins, Gla-Rich Protein (GRP) and Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), as Possible New Players in the Molecular Mechanism of Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8816-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burhan","family":"Kurtulus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06110, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Numan","family":"Atilgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Private Clinic, Gaziantep 27000, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1366-9163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaziantep City Hospital, Gaziantep 27060, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6837-3477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Recep","family":"Dokuyucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical Specialization Training Center (TUSMER), Ankara 06420, Turkey"},{"name":"Physioclinic Private Clinic, Gaziantep 27090, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"The involvement of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: An update","volume":"47","author":"Fazio","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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