{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:02:16Z","timestamp":1790240536824,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Microsurgery employs techniques requiring optical magnification and specialized instruments to operate on small anatomical structures, including small vessels. These methods are integral to plastic surgery, enabling procedures such as free tissue transfer, nerve reconstruction, replantation, and lymphatic surgery. This paper explores the historical development, advancements, and current applications of microsurgery in plastic surgery. Methods: The databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science were selectively searched with the term \u201c(((microsurgery) OR (advances)) OR (robotic)) OR (AI)) AND (((lymphatic surgery) OR (peripheral nerve surgery)) OR (allotransplantation))\u201d and manually checked for relevance. Additionally, a supplementary search among the references of all publications included was performed. Articles were included that were published in English or German up to June 2024. Results: Modern microsurgical techniques have revolutionized plastic surgery, enabling precise tissue transfers, improved nerve reconstruction, and effective lymphedema treatments. The evolution of robotic-assisted surgery, with systems like da Vinci and MUSA, has enhanced precision and reduced operative times. Innovations in imaging, such as magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography and near-infrared fluorescence, have significantly improved surgical planning and outcomes. Conclusions: The continuous advancements in microsurgery, including supermicrosurgical techniques and robotic assistance, have significantly enhanced the capabilities and outcomes of plastic surgery. Future developments in AI and robotics promise further improvements in precision and efficiency, while new imaging modalities and surgical techniques expand the scope and success of microsurgical interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T05:02:28Z","timestamp":1725598948000},"page":"5284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Advances in Modern Microsurgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver C.","family":"Thamm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Helios Hospital Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University Witten\/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Ostmerheimer Stra\u00dfe 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1034-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Eschborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Helios Hospital Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4324-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth C.","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Hospital Wiesbaden, Ludwig-Erhard-Stra\u00dfe 100, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3160-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremias","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Helios Hospital Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181bf825e","article-title":"History of microsurgery","volume":"124","author":"Tamai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast. 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