{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:01:18Z","timestamp":1789624878827,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["296129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["296129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAI-2020-0646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2020-0646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAI-2021-0771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2021-0771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R-969194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-969194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["296129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["296129"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["FAI-2020-0646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2020-0646"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["FAI-2021-0771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2021-0771"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["R-969194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-969194"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Broegelmann Foundation","award":["296129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["296129"]}]},{"name":"Broegelmann Foundation","award":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"]}]},{"name":"Broegelmann Foundation","award":["FAI-2020-0646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2020-0646"]}]},{"name":"Broegelmann Foundation","award":["FAI-2021-0771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2021-0771"]}]},{"name":"Broegelmann Foundation","award":["R-969194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-969194"]}]},{"name":"Broegelmann Foundation","award":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"]}]},{"name":"Broegelmann Foundation","award":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Broegelmann Foundation","award":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"King Gustav V\u2019s. 80-year foundation","award":["296129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["296129"]}]},{"name":"King Gustav V\u2019s. 80-year foundation","award":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"]}]},{"name":"King Gustav V\u2019s. 80-year foundation","award":["FAI-2020-0646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2020-0646"]}]},{"name":"King Gustav V\u2019s. 80-year foundation","award":["FAI-2021-0771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2021-0771"]}]},{"name":"King Gustav V\u2019s. 80-year foundation","award":["R-969194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-969194"]}]},{"name":"King Gustav V\u2019s. 80-year foundation","award":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"]}]},{"name":"King Gustav V\u2019s. 80-year foundation","award":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"King Gustav V\u2019s. 80-year foundation","award":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Rheumatism foundation","award":["296129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["296129"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Rheumatism foundation","award":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Rheumatism foundation","award":["FAI-2020-0646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2020-0646"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Rheumatism foundation","award":["FAI-2021-0771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2021-0771"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Rheumatism foundation","award":["R-969194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-969194"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Rheumatism foundation","award":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Rheumatism foundation","award":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Rheumatism foundation","award":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIMAGO","award":["296129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["296129"]}]},{"name":"CIMAGO","award":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/34\/H\/NZ1\/00674"]}]},{"name":"CIMAGO","award":["FAI-2020-0646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2020-0646"]}]},{"name":"CIMAGO","award":["FAI-2021-0771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2021-0771"]}]},{"name":"CIMAGO","award":["R-969194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-969194"]}]},{"name":"CIMAGO","award":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013"]}]},{"name":"CIMAGO","award":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIMAGO","award":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Immune cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients display a reduced in vitro response to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), which may have functional immune consequences. The aim of this study was to characterize, by flow cytometry, the frequency\/activity of monocytes and naturally occurring myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in peripheral blood samples from patients with periodontitis and patients with periodontitis and RA. Methods: The relative frequency of monocytes and mDCs in the whole blood, the frequency of these cells producing TNF\u03b1 or IL-6 and the protein expression levels for each cytokine, before and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli plus interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), were assessed by flow cytometry, in peripheral blood samples from 10 healthy individuals (HEALTHY), 10 patients with periodontitis (PERIO) and 17 patients with periodontitis and RA (PERIO+RA). Results: The frequency of monocytes and mDCs producing IL-6 or TNF-\u03b1 and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 in the PERIO group were generally higher. Within the PERIO+RA group, P. gingivalis and related antibodies were negatively correlated with the monocyte and mDC expression of IL-6. A subgroup of the PERIO+RA patients that displayed statistically significantly lower frequencies of monocytes producing IL-6 after activation presented statistically significantly higher peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD)2\/4 activity, anti-arg-gingipain (RgpB) IgG levels, mean probing depth (PD), periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and bleeding on probing (BoP). Conclusions: In the patients with PERIO+RA, innate immune cells seemed to produce lower amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are correlated with worse periodontitis-related clinical and microbiological parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T10:29:45Z","timestamp":1725618585000},"page":"5297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impaired Periodontitis-Induced Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Monocytes and Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Daniela S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Group of Environmental Genetics of Coimbra Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1136-6118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Environmental Genetics of Coimbra Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra (ULS), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotchnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8506-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra (ULS), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra (ULS), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8299-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Kaminska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Mydel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4513-4128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institute, 17164 Solna, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7625-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institute, 17164 Solna, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f3nio P.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Environmental Genetics of Coimbra Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra (ULS), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4503-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel P.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Group of Environmental Genetics of Coimbra Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6562-5859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Environmental Genetics of Coimbra Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra (ULS), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotchnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Laboratoriais, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.5RU1021-524R","article-title":"Circulating inflammatory cell profiling and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Irwandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12008","article-title":"Surgical and nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Learned and unlearned concepts","volume":"62","author":"Lang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17038","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.38","article-title":"Periodontal diseases","volume":"3","author":"Kinane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12517","article-title":"Are periodontal diseases really silent? A systematic review of their effect on quality of life","volume":"43","author":"Buset","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-019-0735-3","article-title":"Is periodontitis and its treatment capable of changing the quality of life of a patient?","volume":"227","author":"Graziani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759720X221114104","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X221114104","article-title":"Acute effects of exercise on pain symptoms, clinical inflammatory markers and inflammatory cytokines in people with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review","volume":"14","author":"Balchin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24827","article-title":"Anti-citrullinated peptide antibody assays and their role in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"61","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001228","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001228","article-title":"Current view on the pathogenic role of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Catrina","year":"2021","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42549","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis-Specific Autoimmunity in the Lung Before and at the Onset of Disease","volume":"75","author":"Joshua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-014-8459-2","article-title":"Citrullinated Autoantigens: From Diagnostic Markers to Pathogenetic Mechanisms","volume":"49","author":"Muller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.012211","article-title":"Expression and activity of citrullinating peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes in monocytes and macrophages","volume":"63","author":"Vossenaar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.09.001","article-title":"Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: Keystones, pathobionts, and host response","volume":"35","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12087","article-title":"Microbial protection and virulence in periodontal tissue as a function of polymicrobial communities: Symbiosis and dysbiosis","volume":"69","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12089","article-title":"Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Consensus report of the Joint EFP\/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases","volume":"40","author":"Tonetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13189","article-title":"Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: Consensus report","volume":"47","author":"Sanz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S106","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.1340011","article-title":"Diabetes and periodontal diseases: Consensus report of the Joint EFP\/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases","volume":"84","author":"Chapple","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12300","article-title":"Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: An update 2012\u20132017","volume":"83","author":"Bartold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCurley, N., and Mellman, I. (2010). Monocyte-derived dendritic cells exhibit increased levels of lysosomal proteolysis as compared to other human dendritic cell populations. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011949"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39514","article-title":"Impaired Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by Dendritic Cells Typifies Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Article","volume":"68","author":"Santegoets","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12428","article-title":"Dendritic cells a critical link to alveolar bone loss and systemic disease risk in periodontitis: Immunotherapeutic implications","volume":"89","author":"Elashiry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vi5","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes279","article-title":"ACR\/EULAR 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria","volume":"51","author":"Kay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"8","article-title":"Periodontal screening and recording (PSR) index scores predict periodontal diagnosis","volume":"1","author":"Primal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. App."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01249.x","article-title":"Periodontal inflamed surface area: Quantifying inflammatory burden","volume":"35","author":"Nesse","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","article-title":"Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"89","author":"Papapanou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000382","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000382","article-title":"DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR cut-offs for high disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis are not interchangeable","volume":"3","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"490","article-title":"Functional Impairment of Circulating Fc\u03b5RI","volume":"96","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytom. Part B Clin. Cytom."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13838","article-title":"Clinical benefits of systemic amoxicillin\/metronidazole may depend on periodontitis stage and grade: An exploratory sub-analysis of the ABPARO trial","volume":"50","author":"Eickholz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577433","article-title":"Alterations in peripheral blood monocyte and dendritic cell subset homeostasis in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"350","author":"Monteiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0271-8","article-title":"Subcutaneous immunotherapy induces alterations in monocytes and dendritic cells homeostasis in allergic rhinitis patients","volume":"14","author":"Sousa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500801","article-title":"Dendritic cells at the oral mucosal interface","volume":"85","author":"Cutler","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4693","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.8.4693","article-title":"Mature dendritic cells infiltrate the T cell-rich region of oral mucosa in chronic periodontitis: In situ, in vivo, and in vitro studies","volume":"167","author":"Jotwani","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01157-13","article-title":"Secondary lymphoid organ homing phenotype of human myeloid dendritic cells disrupted by an intracellular oral pathogen","volume":"82","author":"Miles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meghil, M.M., and Cutler, C.W. (2020). Oral Microbes and Mucosal Dendritic Cells, \u201cSpark and Flame\u201d of Local and Distant Inflammatory Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051643"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130117","article-title":"Saliva and serum levels of B-cell activating factors and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in patients with periodontitis","volume":"85","author":"Nizam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01684.x","article-title":"Influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in severe chronic periodontitis","volume":"38","author":"Tymkiw","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazurek-Mochol, M., Bonsmann, T., Mochol, M., Poniewierska-Baran, A., and Pawlik, A. (2024). The Role of Interleukin 6 in Periodontitis and Its Complications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042146"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00915-8","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and interleukin-11 support human osteoclast formation by a RANKL-independent mechanism","volume":"32","author":"Kudo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0455","article-title":"Specific inhibition of IL-6 receptor attenuates inflammatory bone loss in experimental periodontitis","volume":"92","author":"Vieira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3032","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867327666200824112732","article-title":"Central Regulatory Role of Cytokines in Periodontitis and Targeting Options","volume":"28","author":"Plemmenos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00344.x","article-title":"Cytokine regulation of immune responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"54","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plachokova, A.S., Andreu-S\u00e1nchez, S., Noz, M.P., Fu, J., and Riksen, N.P. (2021). Oral Microbiome in Relation to Periodontitis Severity and Systemic Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115876"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(03)00841-2","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha: Molecular and cellular mechanisms in skeletal pathology","volume":"321","author":"Nanes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(96)00028-7","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factors in 1996","volume":"7","author":"Pfizenmaier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1159\/000493390","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Brief Overview of the Treatment","volume":"27","author":"Bullock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29072","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.44.29072","article-title":"Arg-gingipain acts as a major processing enzyme for various cell surface proteins in Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"273","author":"Kadowaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayaprakash, K., Khalaf, H., and Bengtsson, T. (2014). Gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis play a significant role in induction and regulation of CXCL8 in THP-1 cells. BMC Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-14-193"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsayed, R., Elashiry, M., Liu, Y., El-Awady, A., Hamrick, M., and Cutler, C.W. (2021). Porphyromonas gingivalis Provokes Exosome Secretion and Paracrine Immune Senescence in Bystander Dendritic Cells. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.669989"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/17\/5297\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:49:59Z","timestamp":1760111399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/17\/5297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13175297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13175297","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]}}}