{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:35:48Z","timestamp":1787664948275,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: There are few publications concerning ankyloglossia in mixed-aged groups utilizing myofunctional therapy and frenuloplasty in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and maxillofacial surgery. While it is well known that ankyloglossia is mainly diagnosed in babies, research on functional and structural disorders in different age groups is less common. Thus, there is a high need for specific information about the influence and effectiveness of frenuloplasty with myofunctional therapy on the stomatognathic function and final treatment outcome for a wider variety of patients, especially those with maxillofacial deformities. Aim: This paper aims to evaluate the impact of lingual frenuloplasty as an adjunct to myofunctional therapy for the treatment of ankyloglossia in children and adults with maxillofacial deformity. Methods: Prospective randomized control trial with 155 subjects. Methods were based on visual observation and examination of the oral cavity. There were two groups: myofunctional therapy vs. myofunctional therapy and lingual frenuloplasty. Patients were randomized based on order of entry into the study. \u03c72 test, Kruskal\u2013Wallis, ANOVA, Student\u2019s t-test and others were used for statistical analyses. Results: The presented protocol with myofunctional therapy and surgical procedures proved to be significantly more effective in improving tongue mobility and stomatognathic functions such as swallowing, breathing, and oral resting postures as compared to the reference group who underwent myofunctional therapy only. Conclusions: Lingual frenuloplasty with myofunctional therapy is highly effective in restoring the equilibrium of the orofacial muscles and the skeleton, which is often disturbed and may lead to unstable functional effects among patients considering orthodontic and orthognathic treatments for maxillofacial deformities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T05:53:03Z","timestamp":1725947583000},"page":"5354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Prospective Randomized Control Trial of Lingual Frenuloplasty with Myofunctional Therapy in Patients with Maxillofacial Deformity in a Polish Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7185-958X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lichnowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Psychological and Pedagogical Clinic Land of Imagination i, 32 Bardowskiego Str., 95-200 Pabianice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Gnatek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panaceum Center for Aesthetic Dentistry, 114 Piotrkowska Str., 90-006 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Tyszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 \u017beromskiego, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9200-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Kozakiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 \u017beromskiego, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3673-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soroush","family":"Zaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Breathe Institute, 10921 Wilshire Blvd Suite 912, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-016-1452-7","article-title":"Toward a Functional Definition of Ankyloglossia: Validating Current Grading Scales for Lingual Frenulum Length and Tongue Mobility in 1052 Subjects","volume":"21","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0044","article-title":"A Dramatic Increase in Tongue Tie-Related Articles: A 67 Years Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"Kasirer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breastfeed. 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