{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:38:57Z","timestamp":1782549537322,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016111021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016111021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT 1512-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT 1512-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical correlations of mood disorders in a sample of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Hence, we hypothesized that the prevalence of mood disorders would be lower than reported in the literature and that patients would remain clinically stable and show less damage accrual despite low-dose corticosteroid prescription. Methods: In total, 92 SLE outpatients gave informed consent to participate in this cross-sectional study. Psychiatric and autoimmune clinical data were obtained, and a structured psychiatric interview was performed. The main clinical scales for the assessment of clinical symptomatology were included. To examine the potential relationships of presenting a mood disorder in SLE, clinical correlations and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Mood disorders were the most prevalent disorder reported by SLE patients (16%), followed by adjustment disorders (5%). A significant proportion of patients presented psychosocial disturbances that did not meet the ICD-10 criteria for psychiatric diagnosis. According to the cut-off criterion for the Montgomery\u2013\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), up to 27% of the sample met the clinical criteria for depression. The multivariate analysis revealed a relationship between the presence of a mood disorder with total scores of the MADRS and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Conclusions: The prevalence of mood disorders in patients with SLE was lower than previously reported. Although self-report clinical scales are useful for assessing clinical symptomatology, they should not be used in place of a comprehensive standardized interview conducted by a trained mental health specialist. Multidisciplinary teamwork is required for the early identification and therapeutic management of autoimmune patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T03:03:37Z","timestamp":1726196617000},"page":"5423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical Predictors of Mood Disorders and Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1783-5453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Recio-Barbero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"},{"name":"University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janire","family":"Cabezas-Gardu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimena","family":"Varona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Ruiz-Irastorza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"},{"name":"University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"Autoimmune Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0125-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Horrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"},{"name":"University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM ISCIII, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7913-6714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Javier","family":"Meana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"},{"name":"University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM ISCIII, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borja","family":"Santos-Zorroz\u00faa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Segarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"},{"name":"University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM ISCIII, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16039","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.39","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2","author":"Kaul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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