{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:24:22Z","timestamp":1760145862228,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The genetic background of HLA-B*27 in spondyloarthritis is known, and the search for another gene with similar role is ongoing. We wanted to investigate clinical presentations of HLA-B*44 patients in rheumatology practice. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study of 303 HLA-B*44 adult patients from the outpatient rheumatology clinic from 5\/2018-5\/2024. Clinical phenotype, confirmed or excluded rheumatic diagnosis, therapy used, and data on HLA A, B, and DR alleles inherited with B*44 were analyzed. Results: A female predominance of 2.79:1 was noted. A total of 150 [49.5%] patients were referred due to peripheral joint pain, 77 [25.4%] due to combined spine and peripheral joint pain or spine alone (57 [18.8%]). A total of 19 [6.3%] patients had no symptoms of the musculoskeletal system. Statistically significant peripheral joint affection was proved in females but not in males (p = 0.04). A total of 121 [40%] patients from B*44 group had established rheumatic disease, with the rest being excluded or under observation. The most common working diagnoses were polyarthritis (32 [10.5%]) and mono-oligoarthritis (14 [4.6%]). A second allele in addition to HLA B*44 showed a similar frequency to the general population. Patients with HLA B*44\/44 and B*27\/44 genotypes were at the most risk for having definitive rheumatic disease (&gt;60%). Conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were used in 38.6% of patients, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used in 31.6% of patients, biologic DMARDs were used in 8.9% of patients, and corticosteroids were used in 7.3% of patients. Conclusions: The most common presentation in HLA-B*44 patients is peripheral joint affection. Most patients with HLA-B*27\/44 and B*44\/44 genotypes had definitive rheumatic disease. B*44 homozygosity or B*27\/44 might be risk factors for arthritis development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T06:39:16Z","timestamp":1726209556000},"page":"5440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Phenotype of HLA B*44 Patients in a Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic Favors Peripheral Arthropathies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9546-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jure","family":"Aljinovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation with Rheumatology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"University of Split, Department of Health Studies, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"\u0160o\u0161o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation with Rheumatology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"University of Split, Department of Health Studies, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marin","family":"Petri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dijana","family":"Perkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Marasovi\u0107 Krstulovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8091-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darko","family":"Kero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Study Program of Dental Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivanka","family":"Marinovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation with Rheumatology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"University of Split, Department of Health Studies, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2005.00387.x","article-title":"Analysis of 250 HLA-B44 genotypes in European Caucasoids: High diversity and preferential ABCDRB1 associations in B*4402, B*4403, and B*4405 haplotypes","volume":"65","author":"Tiercy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Maskalan, M. 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