{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:21:01Z","timestamp":1792099261834,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease, the main subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), focuses on the induction and maintenance of remission. Tacrolimus, a member of a group of drugs termed calcineurin inhibitors, may have a role in the medical management of IBD when given either systemically or topically. This review aimed to evaluate the available data focusing on the use of topical tacrolimus in the management of IBD. Reports of the use of topical tacrolimus in IBD were extracted from databases up to 31 May 2024. Topical tacrolimus therapy appears to have reasonable efficacy in the induction and maintenance of remission in patients with refractory IBD, with an acceptable safety profile. Overall, the available data are supportive of the use of topical tacrolimus in selected patients. Further comparative clinical studies are required to more fully delineate the role of this drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T09:49:19Z","timestamp":1726652959000},"page":"5518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Role of Topical Tacrolimus in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-9076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danial","family":"Khayatan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Lemberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sydney Children\u2019s Hospital, Randwick, Sydney 2031, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2290-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sydney Children\u2019s Hospital, Randwick, Sydney 2031, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.042","article-title":"Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Concepts, Treatment, and Implications for Disease Management","volume":"161","author":"Rogler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.12.004","article-title":"ESPEN guideline on Clinical Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"42","author":"Bischoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. 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